Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development

Kesenjangan Pengaturan Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Transaksi Aset Kripto melalui Platform Tidak Terdaftar di Indonesia

Ulva Kartika Dewi — 2026-07-16

The development of the digital economy has driven the increasing use of crypto assets as an investment instrument in Indonesia, yet this has been accompanied by a surge in transactions through unregistered platforms or exchangers, giving rise to consumer protection issues. The digital, decentralized, and cross-border (borderless) nature of such transactions makes legal oversight difficult. This study analyzes consumer protection, business actor liability, and dispute resolution mechanisms in crypto asset transactions conducted through unregistered platforms, using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches based on library research. The findings indicate that existing regulations have not fully accommodated the characteristics of such transactions; data from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) as of June 2026 recorded that only around 29% (IDR 196.93 billion) of the IDR 674.1 billion in secured victim funds from digital fraud had been returned, reflecting weaknesses in the loss-recovery mechanism. Business actors are obligated to provide compensation when losses arise from errors or negligence in their systems, while disputes may be resolved through internal complaints, OJK, the Financial Services Sector Alternative Dispute Resolution Institution (LAPS SJK), the Consumer Dispute Resolution Body (BPSK), and litigation as a last resort. Strengthening and harmonizing regulations, along with enhanced supervision, are needed to achieve legal certainty and effective consumer protection in crypto asset transactions in Indonesia.

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tiga Varietas Bawang Merah yang Dipengaruhi oleh Berbagai Dosis Pupuk K₂SO₄ pada Budidaya Terapung Rakit Botol

Kelvin Rizky Aryaduta Sembiring — 2026-07-21

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are one of the horticultural commodities grown using a floating agriculture system. This study aims to determine the growth and yield of various shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) varieties influenced by the application of K₂SO₄ fertilizer in floating cultivation. The research was conducted at the research pond of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) as the environmental design, consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was K₂SO₄ fertilizer, which included 4 levels: P0 (Control), P1 (60 kg/ha), P2 (90 kg/ha), P3 (120 kg/ha). The second factor was the variety of red onion plants, which included 3 levels: V1 (Bauji Variety), V2 (Bima Brebes Variety), V3 (Tajuk Variety). The red onion varieties significantly affected plant height at 8 weeks after planting (WAP) and had a very significant effect on chlorophyll content. The K₂SO₄ fertilizer dose had a very significant effect on chlorophyll content. The P2 dose or 90 kg ha⁻¹ produced the highest chlorophyll content compared to other doses. The interaction between varieties and K₂SO₄ doses had a very significant effect on chlorophyll content. However, this interaction did not significantly affect plant height, leaf number, SPAD, tiller number, and all tuber yield components. Numerically, the P2 dose or 90 kg ha⁻¹ K₂SO₄ showed the best tendency for leaf number, chlorophyll content, tiller number, and tuber dry weight. This dose increases the dry weight of the tubers by about 93.5% compared to the control.

Pertumbuhan, Hasil dan Kandungan Flavonoid Tiga Varietas Bawang Merah yang Dipengaruhi oleh Berbagai Dosis Pupuk K₂SO₄ pada Budidaya Terapung Rakit Bambu

Putri Lia Ananda — 2026-07-21

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are one of the horticultural commodities that are widely consumed and contain several active chemical compounds that function as antioxidants such as flavonoids. This study aims to determine the growth and yield of various varieties of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) which are affected by the application of K₂SO₄ fertilizer in floating cultivation. The study was conducted at the research reservoir of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University located in South Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. The method used in this study is a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAKF) consisting of 2 factors, the first factor is the K₂SO₄ fertilizer factor consisting of 4 levels, namely: P₀ (Control), P₁ (30 kg/ha), P₂ (60 kg/ha), P₃ (90 kg/ha) and the second factor is the shallot plant variety factor consisting of 3 levels, namely: A₁ (Bauji Variety), A₂ (Bima Brebes Variety), A₃ (Tajuk Variety). The parameters observed include: leaf length, leaf greenness, number of tillers and tuber dry weight. Application of K₂SO₄ fertilizer affects leaf length at 2 WAP, leaf greenness from 5 WAP to 7 WAP with the optimal dose of 90 kg/ha and the Bima Brebes variety produces the best variable in the number of tillers of 5.39 clumps, the Bauji variety produces the best tuber dry weight of 20.40 g/plant and the Tajuk variety produces the best variable in the number of leaves 20.21 strands, leaf length 41.45 cm, SPAD value of leaf greenness 45.62 and Flavonoid content 2.81 mg/L.

Pertumbuhan Berbagai Varietas Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L.) dengan Media Tanam pada Dataran Rendah Secara Terapung

Nurlaila Nurlaila — 2026-07-22

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the horticultural commodities grown using a floating agriculture system. This study aims to determine the effect of variety and growing media on the growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in a floating cultivation system. The research was conducted in Pelabuhan Dalam Village, Pemulutan District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. The method used is a Factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of two treatment factors. The first factor is the variety, consisting of K1 (Tawangmangu), K2 (Lumbu putih), K3 (Lumbuh hijau). The second factor is the growing medium, consisting of M1 = Soil: Manure: Burned Rice Husk (2:1:1), M2 = Soil: Manure: Cocopeat (2:1:1). The research results show that the variety has a significant effect on most growth and yield parameters, while the growing media does not have a significant effect on all parameters. Variety K2 (Lumbu Putih) provided the best growth and yield, as indicated by the fresh tuber weight, dry tuber weight, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, and number of tubers. The interaction between variety and growing media did not show a significant effect on all parameters. Nevertheless, the combination of K2M1 (Lumbu Putih + burned rice husk) tends to produce the best growth and yield with fresh tuber weight, dry tuber weight, and number of tubers. Based on the research results, the Lumbu Putih (K2) variety with burned rice husk (M1) as the growing medium has the potential to be developed in a floating cultivation system.

Inovasi Kelembagaan Musyawarah Dusun sebagai Katalis Partisipasi Substantif: Pelajaran dari Desa Bulumeduro dan Desa Bulujowo, Kecamatan Bancar, Kabupaten Tuban

Sika Indriyawati — 2026-07-22

This study examines institutional innovation through the Hamlet Deliberation Forum (Musyawarah Dusun/Musdus) as a mechanism for improving the quality of community participation in village development planning meetings (Musrenbangdes). Using a qualitative comparative case study approach in Bulumeduro Village (implementing Musdus; ±1,164 inhabitants) and Bulujowo Village (without Musdus; ±5,253 inhabitants) in Bancar District, Tuban Regency, this study analyzes how institutional forum design influences inclusiveness, the quality of deliberation, and the influence of participation on policy. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 key informants, observations of Musdes/Musrenbangdes forums, and document analysis of the Village Government Work Plan (RKPDes), meeting minutes, official records, and attendance lists. The findings show that Musdus in Bulumeduro simultaneously increased neighborhood-unit (RT) representation (from 13% to 50%), shifted communication patterns from one-way communication to two-way deliberation, and established a feedback mechanism that created a self-reinforcing cycle of trust. Comparison with Bulujowo, which applies a single-forum model, reveals a three-level difference in participation typology (Pretty: Consultative vs. Interactive Participation) and a two-rung difference on Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation (Consultation vs. Partnership). This study contributes to the literature on participatory institutional design by demonstrating that improvements in participation quality can begin with local institutional innovation without waiting for changes in national regulations, and that differences in population size create the need for structurally different forum designs.

Potensi Ekonomi dalam Pengelolaan Persampahan Berkelanjutan Kota Surabaya

Muhammad Ramadhani Miftahul Asa — 2026-07-22

Waste management remains a critical challenge for many nations. The continuous increase in waste generation not only diminishes public space and disrupts human activities but also degrades the overall quality of life. Conversely, effectively managed waste can yield significant benefits. One of the primary frameworks in sustainable waste management is the Circular Economy a model that integrates economic systems with long-term environmental sustainability. This study, titled "Economic Potential in Sustainable Waste Management of Surabaya City," examines waste management in Surabaya, focusing specifically on solid waste sourced from Temporary Waste Collection Sites (TPS) and 3R Waste Treatment Facilities (TPS3R) across the city. Despite having 189 TPS locations scattered throughout the city, Surabaya still faces constraints regarding waste reduction. A literature review method was utilized and combined with data from the Environmental Agency of Surabaya City to formulate more effective waste management recommendations for Surabaya. By integrating Circular Economy principles, this research aims to quantify the economic potential of waste reduction in Surabaya. Surabaya generates approximately 1,800 tons of waste daily. Given that the Benowo Waste-to-Energy Plant (PLTSa) can only process 1,000 tons per day, a residual 800 tons of waste accumulates at the Benowo Landfill (TPA). Furthermore, while the national waste reduction target is set at 20% and Surabaya targeted 28% for the year 2022, the city has only achieved a reduction rate of 7.43%. This gap underscores the urgent need for a Circular Economy strategy or the leverage of economic potential from waste reduction to accelerate waste minimization. The analytical methods employed include Mass Balance Analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of waste processing and to calculate the volume of waste reduction and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is utilized to measure and evaluate the economic potential and management of solid waste in Surabaya City. The results indicate that waste reduction can decrease waste management costs by 69%. The solid waste management cost before reduction is Rp 579,908,460/day, which significantly drops to Rp 180,098,802/day after implementation. By identifying the value of this waste reduction potential, it is expected that efforts to realize and optimize waste reduction in Surabaya City can be maximized