Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development

Kepastian Hukum Perjanjian Perkawinan Secara Otentik Yang Tidak Di daftarkan Oleh Notaris

Addinur Addinur, Gunawan Djajaputra — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 17:38:10 +0000

This research examines the legal certainty of marriage agreements depending on the form and process of making them. Based on Article 15 paragraph (1) of the Notary Law, an authentic deed made before a notary has higher legal force than a private deed. An authentic agreement remains binding on the parties in accordance with Article 1320 of the Civil Code, but without registration at the marriage registration office, the agreement only applies privately and does not bind third parties. The provisions in Article 29 paragraph (1) of the Marriage Law and Article 22 of PMA Number 20 of 2019 emphasize the importance of registration agreements for formal validity which protects against third party claims. However, the problems that arose due to the Constitutional Court's lack of clarity regarding the obligation to authenticate documents created permission for implementation. Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 108 of 2019 and PMA Number 20 of 2019 require that marriage agreements be authentic, but this discrepancy often hampers the legal validity of private parties. Authentic deeds provide stronger protection by ensuring the parties' consent and reducing legal preservation risks. Therefore, the presence of a notary in making and registering marriage agreements is important to ensure legal certainty and protect the rights of couples.

The Dynamics of Legal Protection For Notaries In Performing Notarial Duties

Rachel Gunawan, Benny Djaja, Maman Sudirman — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 17:45:16 +0000

This study examines the problem of the dynamics of legal protection related to the weaknesses of the dual position regulation of Notaries in the Law on Notary Positions, which creates legal uncertainty and potential conflicts of interest. First, the inconsistency between Article 11 paragraph (1) which allows Notaries to take leave while serving as state officials with other articles that require total dismissal creates legal confusion. Differences in interpretation regarding "resigning" and "leaving" cause ambiguity regarding the legal status of Notaries, which can affect legal compliance and potentially lead to abuse. Second, the use of the name and protocol of Notaries who are on leave by their replacements increases the risk of conflicts of interest and public misunderstanding. The public can misunderstand the legal responsibilities between Notaries who are on leave and their replacements, especially if violations or errors occur during the leave period. Therefore, regulatory revisions are needed to ensure legal clarity, professional integrity, and protection for parties involved in notarial services.

Kepastian Hukum Kedudukan Akta Jual Beli (AJB) Sebagai Dasar Gugatan

Friko Rumadanu, Gunawan Djajaputra — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 17:52:40 +0000

The Sale and Purchase Deed (AJB) is an important document in property sale and purchase transactions, especially land and buildings, which serves as legal evidence of the transfer of ownership rights from the seller to the buyer. As an authentic deed made by a Land Deed Official (PPAT), AJB has higher legal force compared to private deeds, thus providing stronger legal protection for both parties. The AJB creation process involves thorough verification of various required documents, such as land certificates, proof of tax payment, and identity documents, to ensure that the transactions carried out are legally valid. PPAT plays an important role in checking the validity of land, both in terms of legality and legal status, in order to avoid potential disputes in the future. After the AJB is ratified, this document becomes the basis for submitting an application to change the name of the owner on the land certificate at the National Land Agency (BPN). This process ensures that the data recorded on the certificate corresponds to legal reality, recognizing the buyer as the legal owner of the property. AJB also functions as legal evidence if there is a dispute regarding ownership, for example, a claim by a third party claiming to be the owner or if there is an error in the transaction process. In this case, AJB can be used to prove that the transfer of ownership rights has been carried out in accordance with applicable regulations. As an authentic document, the AJB is an important first step in ensuring the legality of property ownership and protecting the buyer's rights from potential legal problems in the future. Verification carried out by PPAT and the use of AJB in the land certificate transfer process provide legal certainty and reduce the risk of disputes related to the property purchased.

Penerapan Delik Permufakatan Jahat dalam Putusan Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi

Monica Virga Darmawan, R. Rahaditya — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 18:01:31 +0000

Corruption is an extraordinary crime that continues to pose a significant challenge for Indonesia, with highly detrimental impacts on both the country’s finances and public trust in the government. One of the legal efforts used to combat corruption is the application of the crime of conspiracy in corruption offenses. This crime regulates the existence of agreements or collusion among several parties involved in a corrupt act, prior to the actual commission of the crime. The primary goal of applying the conspiracy crime is to prevent corrupt actions from the planning stage, which often involves multiple parties and is carried out in a structed manner. This research aims to analyze the application of conspiracy crimes in corruption offenses in Indonesia, as well as to assess the effecrtiveness and challenges faced in its implementation. The research method used in this study is normative legal research, which examines the normative aspects of legal regulations. This study employs data collection techniques in the form of library research sourced from legislation, books, scientific journals, papers, and articles related to conspiracy in corruption offenses. The application of conspiracy crimes faces significant challenges, particularly regarding the proof of shared intent or agreement among perpetrators, which is often difficult to detect because such actions are usually planned implicitly. On the other hand, conspiracy crimes are crucial for uncovering organized corruption networks, where several individuals collaborate to manipulate policies or budgets for personal or group interests. Therefore, the application of this crime becomes key in efforts to achieve more effective and effecicient corruption prevention.

Pengaruh Filsafat Hukum Terhadap Dinamika Pembentukan Hukum Modern

Yuwono Prianto, Frangky Jonatan, Vinshen Saputra, Lena Mariana Br Sitorus — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 18:55:08 +0000

Legal philosophy plays an important role in bridging the relationship between law, society, and changing times. Rooted in the principle of "ubi societas, ibi ius" which emphasizes that law and society are complementary entities, this study explores the dynamics of legal philosophy in the digital era. Normative research methods with philosophical and conceptual approaches are used to explore how basic values such as justice, human rights, and utilitarianism are adapted in the modern legal system. The digital era presents new challenges, such as data privacy, cybersecurity, and digital justice. Legal philosophy is expected to be able to develop a new conceptual framework to adapt to technological realities, including the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in law enforcement. In addition, the role of legal philosophy is also seen in the development of relevant regulations, such as the protection of personal data and electronic transactions, to answer the needs of the digital era society. The history of legal philosophy shows a significant evolution of thought from ancient Greece to the modern era, which continues to be relevant in supporting the legitimacy of law and justice. In this era, legal philosophy combines ethics with technology to ensure the inclusivity, transparency, and sustainability of the legal system. This study highlights the importance of technology integration in legal education, improving digital regulations, and innovation of the justice system to maintain access to justice amidst social change.

Studi Komparatif Proses Pendaftaran Merek Terkenal Milik Perusahaan X di Negara Anggota World Trade Organization

Jelita Damai Sofia Lorenza Sihite, Gunardi Lie — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 06:48:54 +0000

Merek adalah ciri khas dari suatu produk atau layanan. Perusahaan menggunakan merek dagang untuk memperluas penjualan mereka di pasar mulai dari nasional hingga internasional. Perusahaan X dari China telah berhasil mendaftarkan merek dagangnya di beberapa negara yang menjadi anggota World Trade Organisation, negara-negara dimana perusahaan X telah mendaftarkan merek dagangnya adalah Afrika Selatan, Moldova, Ekuador, Serbia, Kyrgyzstan dan Uni Eropa. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut timbul suatu isu, yaitu bagaimana proses pendaftaran merek yang dialami oleh Perusahan X? sedangkan masing-masing negara memiliki peraturan yang berbeda mengenai perlindungan merek. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendaftaran merek terkenal di negara-negara anggota World Trade Organization. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan Teknik studi kepustakaan (Library research) yang mana terdiri dari tiga bahan hukum yaitu bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Bahan hukum primer terdiri dari Undang-Undang ataupun peraturan yang mengatur tentang merek yaitu, perjanjian TRIPS, Protokol Madrid, dan Konvensi Paris. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pada dasarnya semua negara anggota Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia yang melindungi merek X memiliki tujuan agar merek tersebut memiliki identitas yang berbeda dengan merek lain di kelas yang sama. Perbedaan juga ditemukan ketika menganalisis aturan di masing-masing negara, seperti proses pendaftaran, jangka waktu perlindungan, dan penyelesaian sengketa. Selain itu, ditemukan juga prinsip pendaftaran merek yang mengedepankan minim biaya pendaftaran, yaitu prinsip Single Application.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditur Berkaitan dengan Aset Pihak Ketiga yang Dijadikan Sebagai Harta Pailit

Yofi Permatasari, Richard C. Adam — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 06:59:51 +0000

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur berkaitan dengan aset pihak ketiga yang dijadikan sebagai harta pailit. Di Indonesia, ketika debitur tidak dapat membayarkan hutang maka seluruh aset miliknya akan disita. Namun, terdapat pengecualian bagi harta milik kreditur separatis yang digunakan sebagai bagian dari harta pailit. Salah satu contoh kasusnya adalah pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1240K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2023 sehingga menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur separatis sebagai pihak ketiga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah hukum normatif dengan pendekatan pada regulasi yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur yang memiliki jaminan kebendaan diatur dalam Undang-Undang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang dan berhak untuk menjual aset yang menjadi jaminan tersebut serta dapat menerima hasil penjualannya seolah-olah kepailitan tidak sedang berlangsung. Dalam konteks perlindungan preventif, perjanjian kredit yang melibatkan jaminan kebendaan dari pihak ketiga harus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Sementara dalam aspek represif, kreditur memiliki hak untuk mengambil langkah hukum, termasuk mengajukan peninjauan kembali, guna melindungi kepentingan dan hak-haknya.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kreditor Berkaitan Pembatalan Perjanjian Perdamaian Akibat Perbuatan Melawan Hukum yang dilakukan oleh Debitor Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang

Andika Jinaratana, Richard C. Adam — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 12:47:18 +0000

This research examines the legal protection provided to creditors when a peace agreement is canceled due to unlawful acts by a debtor during suspension of debt payment obligation proceedings. The suspension of debt payment obligation aims to restructure debt and facilitate a mutually beneficial settlement. However, debtors sometimes engage in unlawful actions involving their assets, harming creditors. One such case is Supreme Court Decision No. 440K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2024, where PT. Prowell Energi Indonesia, as the PKPU debtor, caused harm to creditors by nullifying a peace agreement. Using a normative legal methodology with a statutory approach, the study finds that the Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payments Obligation Law provides essential legal protection for creditors whose rights are harmed by debtor misconduct. Preventive protection includes applying bankruptcy law principles such as balance and business continuity, requiring debtors to disclose all relevant information honestly and ensure fair remuneration for the administrator’s services throughout the Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payments Obligation Law process. Additionally, repressive protection within the Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payments Obligation Law stipulates that actions by debtors that harm creditors or display bad faith in asset management may result in the termination of the suspension of debt payment obligation process and a declaration of bankruptcy. This research underscores the role of the Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payments Obligation Law in safeguarding creditors’ rights, enforcing debtor accountability, and ensuring a fair and balanced debt restructuring process.

Persepsi Nilai dan Niat Pembelian pada Layanan Premium : Studi kepada para Gamers di Indonesia

Tri Tata Wilia, Dessy Kurnia Sari, Sari Lenggogeni — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 13:00:10 +0000

This study focuses on the perceived value of premium games among users and its impact on usage and premium content purchase intentions. The research aims to explore how social value, quality, enjoyment, and economic value influence users’ willingness to continue using the service and purchase premium content. Using an online survey method through Google Forms with 150 respondents, the study found that the higher the level of enjoyment in the premium service, the lower the intention to purchase premium content, but it strengthens the intention to continue using the service. Other findings show that social value increases both premium usage and premium purchase intentions. Additionally, service quality has a positive correlation with usage intention, but does not affect premium purchases. Overall, the results of this study highlight the unique characteristics of the premium business model in enhancing user retention through high perceived value, although challenges remain in premium monetization.

Konsepsi Kecakapan Umur Debitur Dalam Persyaratan Layanan Pinjaman Online Aplikasi Kredivo

Mon, 02 Dec 2024 18:35:24 +0000

Batasan usia minimum dalam menerima pinjaman merupakan sebuah kebijakan penting bagi lembaga keuangan yang bertujuan untuk melindungi baik pemberi pinjaman maupun peminjam. Dengan mempertimbangkan aspek hukum dan sosial, batasan usia minimum identik dengan dianggap dewasanya seseorang. Seseorang pada umumnya dianggap dewasa bila sudah mencapai usia 18 tahun, sebagai titik di mana individu dianggap dewasa secara hukum dan mampu mengambil keputusan finansial. Melalui metode penelitian hukum normatif, artikel ini mengkaji batasan usia minimum yang diterapkan oleh Kredivo dalam syarat menerima pinjaman, serta implikasinya terhadap sebagaimana ketentuan yang termaktub pada Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUH Perdata) di Indonesia. Kredivo menetapkan bahwa calon peminjam harus berusia minimal 18 tahun untuk dapat mengajukan pinjaman. Namun, menurut KUH Perdata, usia yang belum mencapai 21 tahun dianggap belum dewasa sehingga belum sepenuhnya cakap melakukan tindakan hukum dalam mengikatkan diri dalam kontrak.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pihak Ketiga dalam Sengketa Akta Autentik (Kajian Terhadap Tanggung Jawab Notaris)

Martin Rich Arianto, Gunawan Djajaputra — Tue, 03 Dec 2024 17:56:04 +0000

Penelitian ini mengkaji perlindungan hukum bagi pihak ketiga dalam sengketa terkait akta autentik yang dibuat oleh notaris, dengan fokus pada analisis tanggung jawab hukum notaris. Akta autentik memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna di hadapan hukum, namun dalam praktiknya sering terjadi permasalahan, terutama ketika akta tersebut tidak mencerminkan fakta sebenarnya atau bahkan dipalsukan. Akibatnya, pihak ketiga yang berkepentingan, seperti ahli waris atau kreditur, dapat dirugikan. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris beserta perubahannya dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014, notaris memiliki tanggung jawab untuk memastikan keabsahan dan keakuratan informasi dalam akta yang dibuatnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan analisis terhadap kasus-kasus terkait tanggung jawab notaris dalam pembuatan akta autentik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat celah dalam pengawasan terhadap notaris dan bahwa peraturan yang ada masih memerlukan perbaikan agar lebih efektif dalam melindungi hak pihak ketiga.

Fenomena “No Viral No Justice” Perspektif Teori Penegakkan Hukum

Thu, 05 Dec 2024 07:30:23 +0000

The phenomenon of "No Viral No Justice" in Indonesia reflects a shift in the way law is enforced because visibility on social media is one of the measures of legitimacy and urgency of legal action. This study aims to analyze the impact of this phenomenon on the law enforcement system. From the perspective of legal sociology, society has social norms that are used as a measure to law enforcement so various legal events that go viral on social media are part of efforts to law enforcement The viral case is a public pressure that can affect the decisions and responses of law enforcement institutions. Through a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes several cases that have gone viral on social media which play a role in accelerating the legal process and creating a sense of justice in society with significant influence. The findings of this study suggest that while social media can serve as a driver of transparency and accountability, reliance on virality can also pose challenges, such as unfair or reactive law enforcement, and the potential for manipulation of public opinion. Therefore, the phenomenon of "No Viral No Justice" demands a critical evaluation of the relationship between law, society, and technology in Indonesia's law enforcement context.

Resolution of Credit Agreement Disputes Due To Force Majeure From The Perspective of Syariah Banking

Addinur Addinur, Benny Djaja, Maman Sudirman — Sat, 07 Dec 2024 20:51:20 +0000

This study analyzes the impact of recession on credit contracts in Islamic banking, especially in e-commerce activities. Murabahah-based credit contracts, which are used as financing products based on credit sales, involve the customer's obligation to pay installments according to the agreement. However, recessionary conditions create difficulties for customers in fulfilling their obligations, thus creating the potential for payment delays that can be detrimental to the bank. From an Islamic legal perspective, conditions beyond human control, such as recession, can be categorized as force majeure, which provides a legal basis for customers to delay payments. Legal resolution of this situation requires an approach that accommodates the principle of justice, where the imposition of fines for delayed payments is often viewed as a form of usury by some scholars, because it is considered an addition that is not in accordance with Islamic principles. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of dispute resolution based on the concept of murabahah in Islamic banking, by considering the impact of recession on the sustainability of credit contracts, while offering solutions that are in line with Islamic legal principles and protection of the rights of customers and banks.

Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Roda Dua Dalam Kasus Tilang Elektronik

Muhammad Bagas Handono, Ahmad Sudiro — Mon, 16 Dec 2024 18:53:54 +0000

The enforcement of legal measures against the misuse of registration plates on two-wheeled vehicles has become a critical concern in Indonesia's traffic system. This issue is exacerbated by the increasing number of violations leading to erroneous electronic fines (e-tickets), undermining public trust in the legal system. According to 2023 data from the Indonesian National Police, over 500 cases of counterfeit license plate usage resulted in misdirected e-tickets. This study examines the enforcement of laws addressing the misuse of vehicle registration plates under Law No. 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation. It focuses on identifying weaknesses in the current legal framework and ensuring the application of justice in cases of misallocated fines. Employing a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes existing regulations and evaluates relevant cases. The findings indicate that such misuse contravenes Articles 280 and 288 of Law No. 22 of 2009, which stipulate compliance with technical specifications and legality in vehicle registration. However, enforcement efforts face challenges such as inadequate monitoring tools and the lack of integrated vehicle data systems. This study recommends enhancing the data verification processes in e-ticketing systems and fostering stronger collaboration between law enforcement and related agencies to address these issues. Such measures aim to improve legal accountability and ensure equitable traffic supervision. By tackling these systemic shortcomings, the research contributes to restoring public confidence in traffic law enforcement and promoting a more effective legal framework for road safety in Indonesia.

Analisis Akibat Hukum Terhadap Kelalaian Pilot Dalam Menjaga Keselamatan Penerbangan (Kasus Pesawat Batik Air Tahun 2024)

Reinard Christian Yohanes, Amad Sudiro — Mon, 16 Dec 2024 19:11:41 +0000

Flight safety is a cornerstone of the aviation industry, heavily reliant on the professionalism and vigilance of pilots. This study examines the legal consequences of pilot negligence in maintaining flight safety, focusing on a case involving a fatigued Batik Air pilot. Employing a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes relevant legal frameworks, including Indonesia’s Law No. 1 of 2009 on Aviation, Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASR), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 13, and related legal instruments. The findings reveal that negligence resulting from fatigue constitutes a severe violation of safety standards, breaching the duty of care expected in aviation operations. Such negligence may attract various legal repercussions, ranging from administrative sanctions, such as license revocation, to criminal charges as stipulated under Artt. 411 and 412 of Law No. 1 of 2009. Additionally, airlines may face civil liabilities for compensating passengers for damages incurred. The study also highlights the legal obligation of airlines to ensure the physical and mental fitness of pilots through stringent monitoring of work schedules and regular health evaluations. This paper concludes that strict law enforcement and the establishment of a robust safety culture within the aviation industry are essential to mitigating risks associated with human factors, particularly pilot negligence.

Implementasi Manajemen Risiko dalam Penanganan Batu Pack di Pit X PT Bukit Asam Tbk

Muhammad Novaldi Zuhri, Eddy Ibrahim, Taufik Toha — Thu, 19 Dec 2024 20:31:02 +0000

This research identifies and analyzes the implementation of risk management related to the handling of silicified coal in Pit X of PT Bukit Asam Tbk, Tanjung Enim Mining Unit. Through risk management analysis, this study identifies risks that have the potential to cause equipment damage and reduce productivity. The research combines quantitative and qualitative research methods. Primary data was obtained through direct field observation, such as interview questionnaires to identify risks in the stone pack handling process. Secondary data was obtained from literature and company reports. The research stages include preparation, literature study, data collection, data processing and analysis, and research flowcharts. Probability impact matrix analysis and risk index, as well as proposals for risk management control of separating silicified coal from coal. The results show that stone pack clogging is a significant problem that needs to be addressed seriously. This study proposes several risk control strategies to minimize the negative impacts of stone pack clogging, such as improving mining processes, enhancing stone pack separation systems, and training to improve operator skills and awareness. After analyzing the implementation of the risk management system, it is expected to minimize the losses caused by silicified coal on mechanical equipment and other losses in coal mining activities in Pit X Banko, PT Bukit Asam Tbk.

Redistribusi Tanah Objek Reforma Agraria (TORA) Guna Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Dalam Rangka Percepatan Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria

Elsani Mulyaputri — Fri, 20 Dec 2024 22:04:29 +0000

Departing from the guidelines of the nation's noble ideals to prosper the people's lives, the government through the Agrarian Reform program aims to change the unequal agrarian structure by redistributing land to the community, especially farmers, so as to create social and economic justice. The purpose of this study is to find out and describe the redistribution of Land Object of Agrarian Reform (TORA) in the context of accelerating the implementation of agrarian reform and the implementation of agrarian reform in order to realize community welfare. This research is processed with a normative juridical approach method, namely by looking at law as a set of regulations/rules or doctrines that have a normative nature (law in book). The results of the TORA redistribution problem in the context of accelerating the implementation of agrarian reform have not been fully achieved, especially in the redistribution of forest area land. Agrarian reform has had a significant impact on improving people's welfare but it is not comprehensive, it is hoped that all elements can succeed in agrarian reform.