Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik di DKI Jakarta melalui Aplikasi JAKI: Pendekatan New Public Service dan Inovasi Teknologi
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Published
Jan 18, 2025
Abstract
The JAKI (Jakarta Kini) application, launched by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government as part of the Jakarta Smart City initiative, has become an innovative solution in improving public service quality in Jakarta. This application integrates various public services into a single digital platform, enabling citizens to access services more easily, quickly, and transparently. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the JAKI application in public service delivery, as well as to evaluate whether its implementation aligns with the principles of New Public Service and the concept of Open Innovation. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach by gathering data from various sources such as articles, government reports, and related literature reviews. The findings show that the JAKI application has successfully enhanced accessibility, citizen participation, and transparency in public services, but it still faces several challenges, such as the digital divide, technical issues, and uneven digital literacy across different societal groups. Nevertheless, this application has introduced the concept of Open Innovation by involving the private sector and the community in service development, as well as improving accountability through direct reporting features like JakLapor.
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How to Cite
Ulya, Z., Wardiyanto, B. and Setijaningrum, E. (2025) “Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik di DKI Jakarta melalui Aplikasi JAKI: Pendekatan New Public Service dan Inovasi Teknologi”, Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 7(2), pp. 1382-1393. doi: 10.38035/rrj.v7i2.1333.
References
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Allio, R. J. (2005). Interview with Henry Chesbrough: Innovating innovation. Strategy and Leadership, 33(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570510572617
Amri, M. (2015). Innovative City Governments: A Transaction Cost Approach to Explain Public Innovation in Mid-Sized Cities of Indonesia and the Philippines. https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/entities/publication/658119f1-b2f0-474f-b602-6ee4cb1c798a
Ansell, & Gash. (2007). Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 543, 571.
Arundel, A., Casali, L., & Hollanders, H. (2015). How European Public Sector Agencies Innovate: The Use of Bottom-up, Policy-Dependent and Knowledge-Scanning Innovation Methods. Research Policy, 44(7), 1271–1282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.04.007
Asriadi, & Mutiarin, D. (2023). Comparison of Achievements in the Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Five Provinces to Establish Herd Immunity in Indonesia in the Perspective of the New Public Service. Viral Immunology, 36(5), 318–330. https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2022.0136
Aziz, E., Mustapha, H., & Jamila, E. A. (2020). A bibliometric study of the recent advances in open innovation concept. Procedia Computer Science, 175, 683–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.100
Barunea, P. P., Anastasya, M. P., Dalwiyanis R, N., & Wahyuni, O. S. (2023). Evaluasi Jakarta Kini (Jaki) Dalam Mewujudkan Jakarta Smart City (Kajian Pemanfaatan Layanan JakWifi ). Journal of Social Contemplativa, 1(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.61183/jsc.v1i1.12
Bason, C. (2018). Leading Public Sector Innovation (Second Edition). Bristol: Bristol University Press. https://doi.org/0.2307/j.ctv1fxh1w
Bekkers, V., & Tummers, L. (2018). Innovation in the Public Sector: Towards an Open and Collaborative Approach. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 84(2), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852318761797
Benson, L., Thanh, H. T., & Thao, B. N. (2021). Public Management: a Critical Overview of New Public Service Concept Oriented in Public Service Escalation. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study, 2(3), 29–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v2i3.124
Bloch, C., & Bugge, M. M. (2013). Public Sector Innovation-From Theory to Measurement. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 27, 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2013.06.008
Borins, S. (2014). The Persistence of Innovation in Government A Guide for Innovative Public Servants.
BPS. (2023). Statistik Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta 2023. https://jakarta.bps.go.id/id/publication/2023/09/26/2464312d473d5cdfafc49c84/statistik-daerah-provinsi-dki-jakarta-2023.html
Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C., & Bloomberg, L. (2014). Public Value Governance: Moving Beyond Traditional Public Administration and the New Public Management. Public Administration Review, 74(4), 445–456.
Callens, C., & Verhoest, K. (2024). Unlocking the process of collaborative innovation - Combining mechanisms of divergence and convergence. Public Management Review, 26(7), 1849–1870. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2171096
Chen, Y., & Vanhaverbeke, W. (2019). Open Innovation. In The Routledge Companion to Innovation Management (Issue February, pp. 180–203). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315276670-9
Chesbrough, H. (2003). The Era of Open Innovation. Sloane Management Review, 44(3), 35–41.
Cresswell, J. W. (2018). Research Design, Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches (Vol. 5). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Culpan, R. (2014). Open Innovation Business Models and the Role of Interfirm Partnerships. In Open Innovation through Strategic Alliances (pp. 17–39). https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137394507.0005
Dahl, R. A. (2001). How Democratic is the American Constitution? Yale University Press.
Dimock, M. E. (1992). Public Administration and Democracy: A Critical Examination. Public Administration Review, 52(2), 167–175.
Ernawati, D., Dwiarto, R., Aini, Y. N., Asropi, A., & Harsiwi, N. D. (2023). Responsive public complaint service innovation:The JAKI Application case in DKI Provincial Government. Publisia: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 8(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.26905/pjiap.v8i1.9136
Jayanegara, B. A. U., Suryadi, S., & Anwar, A. (2023). Implementation of the New Public Service in the Licensing Process. Journal of Social and Political Sciences, 6(2), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.06.02.410
Kalihva, N. A., Yuwono, T., & Ghulam Manar, D. (2023). Implementasi Aplikasi Jakarta Kini (JAKI) Sebagai Inovasi Pelayanan Publik Dalam Mewujudkan Pelayanan Prima di DKI Jakarta. Journal of Politic and Government Studies, 12(3), 447–465.
Kombate, B., Emmanuel, M., & Richard, K. K. (2021). The implication of the strategic implementation style and middle management effort in public organization strategic management implementation and its organizational performance. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 11(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v11i1.18150
Kusumasari, B., Pramusinto, A., Santoso, A. D., & Fathin, C. A. (2019). What shapes public sector innovation? Public Policy and Administration, 18(4), 430–446. https://doi.org/10.13165/VPA-19-18-4-05
Lee, S. M., Hwang, T., & Choi, D. (2012). Open innovation in the public sector of leading countries. Management Decision, 50(1), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211194921
Leydesdorff, L., & Meyer, M. (2003). The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Scientometrics, 58(2), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026276308287
Marcolin, F., Vezzetti, E., & Montagna, F. (2017). How to practise Open Innovation today: what, where, how and why. Creative Industries Journal, 10(3), 258–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2017.1393178
Marselinus, R. Z., Wijaya, K. A. S., Yudharta, I. P. D., & Savitri, R. (2024). Adoption of Public Sector Innovation in Jakarta Kini (JAKI) Application. Spirit Publik: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 19(1), 126–140. https://doi.org/10.20961/sp.v19i1.83473
Mayasiana, N. A., Prayitno, H., Helpiastuti, S. B., & Wahyudi, E. (2024a). Citizen Power As a Sustainable Transformation of Population Services. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 18(9), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n9-016
Mayasiana, N. A., Prayitno, H., Helpiastuti, S. B., & Wahyudi, E. (2024b). Empowering Citizens: the Key To Long-Lasting Improvements in Public Services. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 18(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n4-190
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. In Teaching Sociology (7th editio). https://doi.org/10.2307/3211488
Ojo, A., Curry, E., Janowski, T., & Dzhusupova, Z. (2015). Designing Next Generation Smart City Initiatives - The SCID Framework. Transforming City Governments for Successful Smart Cities, August 2016, 43–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03167-5
Okonta, D. E., & Vukovic, V. (2024). Smart cities software applications for sustainability and resilience. Heliyon, 10(12), e32654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32654
Osborne, S. P. (2012). The third sector in Europe: Prospects and challenges. Routledge.
Perry, L., & Wise, L. R. (1990). The Motivational Bases of Public Service. Public Administration Review, 50(3), 367–373.
Prabujaya, S. P., & Santoso, A. D. (2021). Public sector innovation on Covid-19 in South Sumatra: Calling for a more sustainable innovation. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi: Media Pengembangan Ilmu Dan Praktek Administrasi, 18(2), 251–263.
Prasetia, I. P. S. D., Wijaya, K. A. S., Yudartha, I. P. D., & Savitri, R. (2024). Analisis Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Aplikasi JAKI (Jakarta Kini) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 7(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v7i1.2941
Pratama, A. B. (2020). The landscape of public service innovation in Indonesia: A comprehensive analysis of its characteristic and trend. Innovation and Management Review, 17(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-11-2018-0080
Ramadhania, A., Muradi, & Sutisna, J. (2023). Penerapan E-Government Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta Melalui Aplikasi Jakarta Kini (Jaki) dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Tahun 2022. NeoRespublica : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Penerapan, 5(1), 29–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52423/neores.v5i1.146
Riani, N. W., Wijaya, K. A. S., Yudartha, I. P. D., & Savitri, R. (2024). Analysis of Public Service Innovation Based on JAKI Application in Realizing the New Public Service. Journal of Public Administration Studies, 9(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpas.2024.009.01.7
Riskasari, V., Rahman, amni zarkasyi, & Hanani, R. (2024). Analisis User Experience Pada Penggunaan Aplikasi Jakarta Kini (Jaki) Di Provinsi Dki Jakarta. Journal Of Public Policy And Management Review, 13(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v13i2.43540
Rogers, E. (2003). Diffusion of innovations(5th ed.) (N. F. Press (ed.)).
Rolstadas, A., Fernandes, G., Dooley, L., & O’Sullivan, D. (2021). Managing Collaborative R&D Projects: Leveraging Open Innovation Knowledge-Flows for Co-Creation. In Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61605-2_14
Schumpeter, J. A. (2003). Capitalism, Socialism & Democracy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.2307/20048211
Sofiana, A. (2023). Analisis Implementasi Open Government Melalui Aplikasi Jakarta Kini (Jaki) Pada Fitur Jak-Respon Dalam Penyebarluasan Informasi Publik. In Journal of Social Contemplativa (Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 45–53). https://doi.org/10.61183/jsc.v1i1.10
Sørensen, E., & Torfing, J. (2011). Enhancing Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector. Administration & Society, 43(8), 842–868.
Stoker, G. (2006). Public Value Management: A New Narrative for Networked Governance? American Review of Public Administration, 36(1), 41–57.
Tabane, E., Ngwira, S. M., & Zuva, T. (2017). Survey of smart city initiatives towards urbanization. Proceedings - 2016 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Engineering, ICACCE 2016, 437–440. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCE.2016.8073788
Torfing, J. (2019). Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector: The Argument. Public Management Review, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1430248
Waldo, D. (1953). The Administrative State: A Study of the Political Theory of American Public Administration. Ronald Press.
Walker, G. (2014). Impact of Ecological Factors on Concern and Awareness about Disability: A Statistical Analysis. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(11), 2781–2789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.022
Windrum, P., & Koch, P. M. (2008). Innovation in public sector services: Entrepreneurship, creativity and management. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Allio, R. J. (2005). Interview with Henry Chesbrough: Innovating innovation. Strategy and Leadership, 33(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570510572617
Amri, M. (2015). Innovative City Governments: A Transaction Cost Approach to Explain Public Innovation in Mid-Sized Cities of Indonesia and the Philippines. https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/entities/publication/658119f1-b2f0-474f-b602-6ee4cb1c798a
Ansell, & Gash. (2007). Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 543, 571.
Arundel, A., Casali, L., & Hollanders, H. (2015). How European Public Sector Agencies Innovate: The Use of Bottom-up, Policy-Dependent and Knowledge-Scanning Innovation Methods. Research Policy, 44(7), 1271–1282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.04.007
Asriadi, & Mutiarin, D. (2023). Comparison of Achievements in the Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Five Provinces to Establish Herd Immunity in Indonesia in the Perspective of the New Public Service. Viral Immunology, 36(5), 318–330. https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2022.0136
Aziz, E., Mustapha, H., & Jamila, E. A. (2020). A bibliometric study of the recent advances in open innovation concept. Procedia Computer Science, 175, 683–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.100
Barunea, P. P., Anastasya, M. P., Dalwiyanis R, N., & Wahyuni, O. S. (2023). Evaluasi Jakarta Kini (Jaki) Dalam Mewujudkan Jakarta Smart City (Kajian Pemanfaatan Layanan JakWifi ). Journal of Social Contemplativa, 1(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.61183/jsc.v1i1.12
Bason, C. (2018). Leading Public Sector Innovation (Second Edition). Bristol: Bristol University Press. https://doi.org/0.2307/j.ctv1fxh1w
Bekkers, V., & Tummers, L. (2018). Innovation in the Public Sector: Towards an Open and Collaborative Approach. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 84(2), 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852318761797
Benson, L., Thanh, H. T., & Thao, B. N. (2021). Public Management: a Critical Overview of New Public Service Concept Oriented in Public Service Escalation. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study, 2(3), 29–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v2i3.124
Bloch, C., & Bugge, M. M. (2013). Public Sector Innovation-From Theory to Measurement. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 27, 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2013.06.008
Borins, S. (2014). The Persistence of Innovation in Government A Guide for Innovative Public Servants.
BPS. (2023). Statistik Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta 2023. https://jakarta.bps.go.id/id/publication/2023/09/26/2464312d473d5cdfafc49c84/statistik-daerah-provinsi-dki-jakarta-2023.html
Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C., & Bloomberg, L. (2014). Public Value Governance: Moving Beyond Traditional Public Administration and the New Public Management. Public Administration Review, 74(4), 445–456.
Callens, C., & Verhoest, K. (2024). Unlocking the process of collaborative innovation - Combining mechanisms of divergence and convergence. Public Management Review, 26(7), 1849–1870. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2171096
Chen, Y., & Vanhaverbeke, W. (2019). Open Innovation. In The Routledge Companion to Innovation Management (Issue February, pp. 180–203). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315276670-9
Chesbrough, H. (2003). The Era of Open Innovation. Sloane Management Review, 44(3), 35–41.
Cresswell, J. W. (2018). Research Design, Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches (Vol. 5). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Culpan, R. (2014). Open Innovation Business Models and the Role of Interfirm Partnerships. In Open Innovation through Strategic Alliances (pp. 17–39). https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137394507.0005
Dahl, R. A. (2001). How Democratic is the American Constitution? Yale University Press.
Dimock, M. E. (1992). Public Administration and Democracy: A Critical Examination. Public Administration Review, 52(2), 167–175.
Ernawati, D., Dwiarto, R., Aini, Y. N., Asropi, A., & Harsiwi, N. D. (2023). Responsive public complaint service innovation:The JAKI Application case in DKI Provincial Government. Publisia: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 8(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.26905/pjiap.v8i1.9136
Jayanegara, B. A. U., Suryadi, S., & Anwar, A. (2023). Implementation of the New Public Service in the Licensing Process. Journal of Social and Political Sciences, 6(2), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.06.02.410
Kalihva, N. A., Yuwono, T., & Ghulam Manar, D. (2023). Implementasi Aplikasi Jakarta Kini (JAKI) Sebagai Inovasi Pelayanan Publik Dalam Mewujudkan Pelayanan Prima di DKI Jakarta. Journal of Politic and Government Studies, 12(3), 447–465.
Kombate, B., Emmanuel, M., & Richard, K. K. (2021). The implication of the strategic implementation style and middle management effort in public organization strategic management implementation and its organizational performance. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 11(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v11i1.18150
Kusumasari, B., Pramusinto, A., Santoso, A. D., & Fathin, C. A. (2019). What shapes public sector innovation? Public Policy and Administration, 18(4), 430–446. https://doi.org/10.13165/VPA-19-18-4-05
Lee, S. M., Hwang, T., & Choi, D. (2012). Open innovation in the public sector of leading countries. Management Decision, 50(1), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211194921
Leydesdorff, L., & Meyer, M. (2003). The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Scientometrics, 58(2), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026276308287
Marcolin, F., Vezzetti, E., & Montagna, F. (2017). How to practise Open Innovation today: what, where, how and why. Creative Industries Journal, 10(3), 258–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2017.1393178
Marselinus, R. Z., Wijaya, K. A. S., Yudharta, I. P. D., & Savitri, R. (2024). Adoption of Public Sector Innovation in Jakarta Kini (JAKI) Application. Spirit Publik: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 19(1), 126–140. https://doi.org/10.20961/sp.v19i1.83473
Mayasiana, N. A., Prayitno, H., Helpiastuti, S. B., & Wahyudi, E. (2024a). Citizen Power As a Sustainable Transformation of Population Services. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 18(9), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n9-016
Mayasiana, N. A., Prayitno, H., Helpiastuti, S. B., & Wahyudi, E. (2024b). Empowering Citizens: the Key To Long-Lasting Improvements in Public Services. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 18(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n4-190
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. In Teaching Sociology (7th editio). https://doi.org/10.2307/3211488
Ojo, A., Curry, E., Janowski, T., & Dzhusupova, Z. (2015). Designing Next Generation Smart City Initiatives - The SCID Framework. Transforming City Governments for Successful Smart Cities, August 2016, 43–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03167-5
Okonta, D. E., & Vukovic, V. (2024). Smart cities software applications for sustainability and resilience. Heliyon, 10(12), e32654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32654
Osborne, S. P. (2012). The third sector in Europe: Prospects and challenges. Routledge.
Perry, L., & Wise, L. R. (1990). The Motivational Bases of Public Service. Public Administration Review, 50(3), 367–373.
Prabujaya, S. P., & Santoso, A. D. (2021). Public sector innovation on Covid-19 in South Sumatra: Calling for a more sustainable innovation. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi: Media Pengembangan Ilmu Dan Praktek Administrasi, 18(2), 251–263.
Prasetia, I. P. S. D., Wijaya, K. A. S., Yudartha, I. P. D., & Savitri, R. (2024). Analisis Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Aplikasi JAKI (Jakarta Kini) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 7(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v7i1.2941
Pratama, A. B. (2020). The landscape of public service innovation in Indonesia: A comprehensive analysis of its characteristic and trend. Innovation and Management Review, 17(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-11-2018-0080
Ramadhania, A., Muradi, & Sutisna, J. (2023). Penerapan E-Government Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta Melalui Aplikasi Jakarta Kini (Jaki) dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Tahun 2022. NeoRespublica : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Penerapan, 5(1), 29–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52423/neores.v5i1.146
Riani, N. W., Wijaya, K. A. S., Yudartha, I. P. D., & Savitri, R. (2024). Analysis of Public Service Innovation Based on JAKI Application in Realizing the New Public Service. Journal of Public Administration Studies, 9(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpas.2024.009.01.7
Riskasari, V., Rahman, amni zarkasyi, & Hanani, R. (2024). Analisis User Experience Pada Penggunaan Aplikasi Jakarta Kini (Jaki) Di Provinsi Dki Jakarta. Journal Of Public Policy And Management Review, 13(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.14710/jppmr.v13i2.43540
Rogers, E. (2003). Diffusion of innovations(5th ed.) (N. F. Press (ed.)).
Rolstadas, A., Fernandes, G., Dooley, L., & O’Sullivan, D. (2021). Managing Collaborative R&D Projects: Leveraging Open Innovation Knowledge-Flows for Co-Creation. In Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61605-2_14
Schumpeter, J. A. (2003). Capitalism, Socialism & Democracy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.2307/20048211
Sofiana, A. (2023). Analisis Implementasi Open Government Melalui Aplikasi Jakarta Kini (Jaki) Pada Fitur Jak-Respon Dalam Penyebarluasan Informasi Publik. In Journal of Social Contemplativa (Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 45–53). https://doi.org/10.61183/jsc.v1i1.10
Sørensen, E., & Torfing, J. (2011). Enhancing Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector. Administration & Society, 43(8), 842–868.
Stoker, G. (2006). Public Value Management: A New Narrative for Networked Governance? American Review of Public Administration, 36(1), 41–57.
Tabane, E., Ngwira, S. M., & Zuva, T. (2017). Survey of smart city initiatives towards urbanization. Proceedings - 2016 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Engineering, ICACCE 2016, 437–440. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCE.2016.8073788
Torfing, J. (2019). Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector: The Argument. Public Management Review, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1430248
Waldo, D. (1953). The Administrative State: A Study of the Political Theory of American Public Administration. Ronald Press.
Walker, G. (2014). Impact of Ecological Factors on Concern and Awareness about Disability: A Statistical Analysis. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(11), 2781–2789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.022
Windrum, P., & Koch, P. M. (2008). Innovation in public sector services: Entrepreneurship, creativity and management. Edward Elgar Publishing.