Analisis Akibat Hukum Terhadap Kelalaian Pilot Dalam Menjaga Keselamatan Penerbangan (Kasus Pesawat Batik Air Tahun 2024)
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Published
Dec 16, 2024
Abstract
Flight safety is a cornerstone of the aviation industry, heavily reliant on the professionalism and vigilance of pilots. This study examines the legal consequences of pilot negligence in maintaining flight safety, focusing on a case involving a fatigued Batik Air pilot. Employing a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes relevant legal frameworks, including Indonesia’s Law No. 1 of 2009 on Aviation, Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASR), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 13, and related legal instruments. The findings reveal that negligence resulting from fatigue constitutes a severe violation of safety standards, breaching the duty of care expected in aviation operations. Such negligence may attract various legal repercussions, ranging from administrative sanctions, such as license revocation, to criminal charges as stipulated under Artt. 411 and 412 of Law No. 1 of 2009. Additionally, airlines may face civil liabilities for compensating passengers for damages incurred. The study also highlights the legal obligation of airlines to ensure the physical and mental fitness of pilots through stringent monitoring of work schedules and regular health evaluations. This paper concludes that strict law enforcement and the establishment of a robust safety culture within the aviation industry are essential to mitigating risks associated with human factors, particularly pilot negligence.
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How to Cite
Yohanes, R. C. and Sudiro, A. (2024) “Analisis Akibat Hukum Terhadap Kelalaian Pilot Dalam Menjaga Keselamatan Penerbangan (Kasus Pesawat Batik Air Tahun 2024)”, Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 7(2), pp. 819-828. doi: 10.38035/rrj.v7i2.1364.
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Kurrohman, T. (2017). Penerapan asas legalitas dalam pemidanaan pilot akibat kecelakaan pesawat. Jurnal Surya Kencana Satu: Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan, 7(1), 85–92.
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O’Connor, S., & Li, J. (2023). Qualitative legal research: New paradigms in a global context. Legal Methodology Review, 10(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/lmr.2023.10.1
Olaganathan, R., Holt, T. B., Luedtke, J., & Bowen, B. D. (2021). Fatigue and its management in the aviation industry, with special reference to pilots. Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering, 10(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.7771/2159-6670.1208
Pape, A., et al. (2021). Sleep loss and its effects on aviation safety: Evidence from major accidents. Journal of Aviation Safety, 15(4), 90–103. Retrieved from https://aviationsafetyjournal.com
Patel, D., & Johnson, K. (2023). Intersections of human rights and legal methodologies. Journal of Human Rights and Law, 18(2), 198–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/jhrl.2023.18.2
Petrilli, R., et al. (2006). Chronic sleep restriction and decision-making in pilots. Human Factors in Aviation Journal, 9(2), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720806073003
Poerwanto, A. (2023). Analisis Kecelakaan Penerbangan di Indonesia untuk Peningkatan Keselamatan Penerbangan. Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi, 12(3), 89–103.
Pramono, A. (2011). Dasar-Dasar Hukum Udara dan Ruang Angkasa. Ghalia Indonesia.
Ramadhan, B. (2020). Implikasi yuridis terhadap tanggung jawab pidana korporasi dalam kecelakaan pesawat udara. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (SENANTIAS), 2020, 15–20.
Ramsey, M., & McGlohn, W. (1997). Circadian factors and fatigue in naval aviation mishaps. Military Aviation Safety Journal, 8(3), 41–58. Retrieved from https://militaryaviationsafetyjournal.org
Reyhan, A. S. (2008). Tanggung Jawab Pilot in Command. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia.
Rosekind, M. R., & Gander, P. H. (2017). Mitigating fatigue: Best practices in aviation safety. Aviation Management and Safety, 11(2), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/aviationmanagement.110212
Sagita, B. (2009). Non-punitive action dalam investigasi kecelakaan penerbangan. Aviasi, 20(5), 87-95.
Saroinsong, W. A. (2008). Pengaturan Investigasi Kecelakaan Pesawat Udara Berdasarkan Ketentuan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia.
Setiadi, B., & Fatchoelqorib, M. (2018). Keselamatan dan Keamanan Penerbangan. Aviasi Jurnal Ilmiah Kedirgantaraan, 15(2).
Smith, A. R., & Thomas, L. E. (2023). Normative legal methods in transnational law. Journal of Legal Studies, 52(1), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1086/jls.2023.045
Sumarna, D. (2017). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pilot terhadap Kecelakaan Pesawat Terbang Komersil. Jurnal Surya Kencana Satu: Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan, 7(1), 85–92.
Sudirman, L. (2017). Pertanggungjawaban pidana pilot terhadap kecelakaan pesawat terbang komersil. Jurnal Surya Kencana Satu: Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan, 7(1).
Syaiful, B. (2017). Non-Punitive Action terhadap Pilot Akibat Insiden Serius. Jurnal UNS.
Taylor, K., & Monroe, F. (2023). Empirical approaches to the study of law: Bridging theory and practice. Global Legal Research Quarterly, 31(3), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.2139/glrq.2023.78
Weber, L. (2021). Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme. ICAO Reports.
Annalisa, Y. (2010). Tanggung Jawab Pengangkut dan Asuransi dalam Penerbangan. Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, 7(1), 45–58.
Aljurf, T. M., et al. (2018). Sleep patterns and fatigue in long-haul pilots: Implications for safety. Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors, 8(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000113
Akerstedt, T., et al. (2000). Fatigue management strategies in aviation. International Journal of Aviation Research, 6(2), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/javi.20006
Ayu, N. (2011). Aspek yuridis normatif tentang pilot pesawat udara. Jurnal Hukum Universitas Islam Bandung, 13(1), 35–37.
Belland, R. J., & Bissell, T. (1994). Operational fatigue and safety risks in aviation. Aviation Psychology and Safety Research, 3(1), 24–39. Retrieved from https://aviationsafetypsychology.com
Berman, H. J., & Greiner, J. (2023). Legal frameworks and comparative law: A global perspective. International Journal of Law and Society, 45(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijls.2023.02.005
Budi, A. P. S., Supriyadhie, H. K., & Susetyorini, P. (2019). Pertanggungjawaban hukum pilot dalam insiden kecelakaan pesawat udara akibat kelalaian (pilot error). Diponegoro Law Journal, 8(4), 2428–2441. https://doi.org/10.14710/dlj.2019.27102
Caldwell, J. A., et al. (2020). In-flight sleep and its relationship with pilot fatigue management. Journal of Aviation Research, 12(3), 23–35. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com
Caldwell, J. A., & Caldwell, J. L. (2012). Fatigue in aviation: Safety risks, preventive strategies, and pharmacological interventions. Frontiers in Physiology, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00376
Frien, R. D., Novianto, W. T., & Hartiwiningsih, H. (2021). Non-Punitive Action terhadap Pilot Akibat Kecelakaan dan Insiden Serius Pesawat Udara Sipil. Universitas Sebelas Maret Journal, 15(2), 123–136.
Fikarno, D. A. (2009). Keselamatan Penerbangan di Indonesia. Tesis Magister Universitas Indonesia.
Gaines, T., et al. (2020). Fatigue-related accidents in military aviation: A review. Military Aviation Journal, 5(2), 56–78. Retrieved from https://militaryaviationstudies.org
Haryadi, A. (2020). Non-punitive action terhadap pilot pesawat udara sipil akibat kecelakaan dan insiden serius di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dirgantara, 8(2), 101–123.
ICAO. (2010). Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation. International Civil Aviation Organization Publications.
Kadir, M., & Supriyadhie, H. K. (2020). Regulasi tanggung jawab hukum maskapai dan awak pesawat akibat kecelakaan udara. Recidive, 9(2), 125–135.
Kurrohman, T. (2017). Penerapan asas legalitas dalam pemidanaan pilot akibat kecelakaan pesawat. Jurnal Surya Kencana Satu: Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan, 7(1), 85–92.
Kurrohman, T. (2021). Kajian hukum atas tanggung jawab pilot terhadap keselamatan penerbangan. Jurnal Education and Development, 9(1), 643–651.
Libyan Civil Aviation Authority. (2013). Human factors in aviation safety: Fatigue management. Libyan Aviation Safety Journal, 2(1), 12–19. Retrieved from https://aviationjournal.com
Marcus, C., & Rosekind, M. R. (2017). Managing fatigue to improve aviation safety. National Transportation Safety Board Publications. Retrieved from https://www.ntsb.gov
Miller, C., & Melfi, P. (2006). The effect of circadian rhythm disruptions on aviation safety. Chronobiology and Safety in Aviation, 7(3), 145–159. Retrieved from https://chronobioaviation.com
Müller, C., & Wang, H. (2023). International legal systems and their normative evolution. Review of International Law Studies, 29(4), 350–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/rils.2023.29.4
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). (2020). Fatigue in aviation: Lessons from accident investigations. NTSB Safety Publications. Retrieved from https://www.ntsb.gov
Nurul, M. (2015). Pendekatan determinisme dalam pertanggungjawaban pilot akibat kecelakaan. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 7(2), 52–59.
O’Connor, S., & Li, J. (2023). Qualitative legal research: New paradigms in a global context. Legal Methodology Review, 10(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/lmr.2023.10.1
Olaganathan, R., Holt, T. B., Luedtke, J., & Bowen, B. D. (2021). Fatigue and its management in the aviation industry, with special reference to pilots. Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering, 10(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.7771/2159-6670.1208
Pape, A., et al. (2021). Sleep loss and its effects on aviation safety: Evidence from major accidents. Journal of Aviation Safety, 15(4), 90–103. Retrieved from https://aviationsafetyjournal.com
Patel, D., & Johnson, K. (2023). Intersections of human rights and legal methodologies. Journal of Human Rights and Law, 18(2), 198–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/jhrl.2023.18.2
Petrilli, R., et al. (2006). Chronic sleep restriction and decision-making in pilots. Human Factors in Aviation Journal, 9(2), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720806073003
Poerwanto, A. (2023). Analisis Kecelakaan Penerbangan di Indonesia untuk Peningkatan Keselamatan Penerbangan. Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi, 12(3), 89–103.
Pramono, A. (2011). Dasar-Dasar Hukum Udara dan Ruang Angkasa. Ghalia Indonesia.
Ramadhan, B. (2020). Implikasi yuridis terhadap tanggung jawab pidana korporasi dalam kecelakaan pesawat udara. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (SENANTIAS), 2020, 15–20.
Ramsey, M., & McGlohn, W. (1997). Circadian factors and fatigue in naval aviation mishaps. Military Aviation Safety Journal, 8(3), 41–58. Retrieved from https://militaryaviationsafetyjournal.org
Reyhan, A. S. (2008). Tanggung Jawab Pilot in Command. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia.
Rosekind, M. R., & Gander, P. H. (2017). Mitigating fatigue: Best practices in aviation safety. Aviation Management and Safety, 11(2), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/aviationmanagement.110212
Sagita, B. (2009). Non-punitive action dalam investigasi kecelakaan penerbangan. Aviasi, 20(5), 87-95.
Saroinsong, W. A. (2008). Pengaturan Investigasi Kecelakaan Pesawat Udara Berdasarkan Ketentuan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia.
Setiadi, B., & Fatchoelqorib, M. (2018). Keselamatan dan Keamanan Penerbangan. Aviasi Jurnal Ilmiah Kedirgantaraan, 15(2).
Smith, A. R., & Thomas, L. E. (2023). Normative legal methods in transnational law. Journal of Legal Studies, 52(1), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1086/jls.2023.045
Sumarna, D. (2017). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pilot terhadap Kecelakaan Pesawat Terbang Komersil. Jurnal Surya Kencana Satu: Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan, 7(1), 85–92.
Sudirman, L. (2017). Pertanggungjawaban pidana pilot terhadap kecelakaan pesawat terbang komersil. Jurnal Surya Kencana Satu: Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan, 7(1).
Syaiful, B. (2017). Non-Punitive Action terhadap Pilot Akibat Insiden Serius. Jurnal UNS.
Taylor, K., & Monroe, F. (2023). Empirical approaches to the study of law: Bridging theory and practice. Global Legal Research Quarterly, 31(3), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.2139/glrq.2023.78
Weber, L. (2021). Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme. ICAO Reports.