Mengapa Anggota Keluarga Tidak Mengeluarkan Opini? Menyoal Teori Spiral Keheningan di Grup Whatsapp Keluarga
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Published
Sep 20, 2025
Abstract
This study investigates the phenomenon of silence among family members in WhatsApp groups using the Spiral of Silence Theory as its analytical framework. It focuses on how family members often refrain from expressing their opinions in group chats, especially on sensitive topics such as politics. The research aims to identify the underlying factors that lead to this silence and to understand the communication dynamics in digital family interactions. Using a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and grounded theory analysis, the study finds that collectivist cultural values, family hierarchy, social expectations, and fear of being perceived as disrespectful are key contributors to the spiral of silence. These findings suggest that digital communication platforms do not always encourage open dialogue, even within intimate social units like families.
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How to Cite
Jeconiah, C. and Morissan, M. (2025) “Mengapa Anggota Keluarga Tidak Mengeluarkan Opini? Menyoal Teori Spiral Keheningan di Grup Whatsapp Keluarga”, Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 7(6), pp. 4668-4674. doi: 10.38035/rrj.v7i6.1812.
References
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Klooster, J. W. (2009). Icons of Invention: The Makers of the Modern World from Gutenberg to Gates. Greenwood Press.
Knoblock, N. (2020). Silent Majority or Vocal Minority: A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study of Trump Supporters’ Facebook Communication. Open Library of Humanities Journal, 6(2), 1-37.
Kottak, C. (2013). Mirror for Humanity: A Concise Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. McGraw-Hill Education.
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Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991, April). Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253.
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McQuail, D. (2011). McQuail's Mass Communication Theory. SAGE.
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Michalos, A. C. (2014). Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (A. C. Michalos, Ed.). Springer Netherlands.
Moy, P., & Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Media Effects on Political and Social Trust. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(4), 744-759.
Muslim, M. (2015). VARIAN-VARIAN PARADIGMA, PENDEKATAN, METODE, DAN JENIS PENELITIAN DALAM ILMU KOMUNIKASI. Wahana, 1(10), 77-85.
Muzakar, A., & Azizurrahman, A. (2023). Pengantar Sosiologi. Itkesmuspress.
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Neuwirth, K., Frederick, E., & Mayo, C. (2007). The Spiral of Silence and Fear of Isolation. Journal of Communication, 57(3), 450-468.
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Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students. Pearson.
Setiawan, H. (2019). Memilih Diantara 7 Tradisi Ilmu Komunikasi Dalam Kerangka Filosofis. Jurnal Pendidikan, Komunikasi, dan Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 9(1), 29-31.
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Sugiyono. (2016). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif (12th ed.). Alfabeta.
Thibodeaux, W. (2018, November 30). Why People Don't Make Phone Calls Anymore, According to Psychology. Inc. Magazine. https://www.inc.com/wanda-thibodeaux/why-people-dont-make-phone-calls-anymore-according-to-psychology.html
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Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism & collectivism. Avalon Publishing.
Udin, B., & Nurdyansyah. (2018). Buku Ajar Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan. Umsida Press.
Whatsapp. (2020, February 12). Two Billion Users -- Connecting the World Privately. WhatsApp Blog. Retrieved May 27, 2025, from https://blog.whatsapp.com/two-billion-users-connecting-the-world-privately
Zerback, T., & Fawzi, N. (2017). Can Online Exemplars Trigger a Spiral of Silence? Examining the Effects of Exemplar Opinions on Perceptions of Public Opinion and Speaking Out. New Media & Society, 19(7), 1034-1051.
Ao, W., & Wu, J. (2020). The Silent Majority? Elsevier, 193.
Bado, B. (2022). Model Pendekatan Kualitatif : Telaah Dalam Metode Penelitian Ilmiah. Tahta Media Group.
Baharuddin. (2021). Pengantar Sosiologi. Sanabil.
Baym, N. K. (2010). Personal Connections in the Digital Age. Wiley.
BBC. (2014, February 20). Facebook to buy messaging app WhatsApp for $19bn. BBC. Retrieved May 27, 2025, from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-26266689
BBC. (2016, November 11). Trump presidency: Protests turn violent in Portland, Oregon. BBC. Retrieved June 15, 2025, from https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37946231
Beckett, M. (2024, January 10). History of the internet: a timeline throughout the years. Uswitch. Retrieved March 12, 2025, from https://www.uswitch.com/broadband/guides/broadband-history/
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2008, Juli 21). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Brossard, D., Shanahan, J., & Nesbitt, T. C. (2007). The Media, the Public and Agricultural Biotechnology. CABI.
The Canadian Press. (2012, Mei 22). Dial-up internet used by hundreds of thousands in Canada. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/dial-up-internet-used-by-hundreds-of-thousands-in-canada-1.1202392
Church, K., & Oliveira, R. d. (2013, Agustus). What's up with WhatsApp? Comparing mobile instant messaging behaviors with traditional SMS. Conference: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services.
Dana, E. S., Suryawati, I., Junaidi, J., Ronda, A. M., & Diana, R. (2021). Analisis Kasus Rasisme Papua Natalius Pigai Dalam Perspektif Teori Spiral Keheningan. Communication, 12(1).
Djordjevic, I., Ryan, W., & Vasic, B. (2010). Coding for Optical Channels. Springer.
Druckman, J. N., & Parkin, M. (2005). The Impact of Media Bias: How Editorial Slant Affects Voters. The Journal of Politics, 67(4), 1030-1049.
Firmansyah, L. M. (2023, April 11). Perbedaan Internet Mobile Broadband dan Fixed Broadband. Fortune Indonesia. Retrieved March 12, 2025, from https://www.fortuneidn.com/tech/luky/mengenal-perbedaan-internet-mobile-broadband-dan-fixed-broadband
Geertz, C. (2017). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books.
Glasser, T. L., & Salmon, C. T. (1995). Public Opinion and the Communication of Consent. Guilford Publications.
Glynn, C. J., Hayes, A. F., & Shanahan, J. (1997). Perceived support for one's opinions and willingness to speak out: A meta-analysis of survey studies on the "spiral of silence." Public Opinion Quarterly, 61(3), 452-463.
Goldschein, E. (2011, November 5). What It's Really Like To Be One Of America's 'Loser' Guys. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/more-men-are-living-with-their-parents-and-i-am-one-of-them-2011-11
Goodwin, G. E. (2023, September 6). What Is WhatsApp? How It Works, Tips, Tricks, and More. Business Insider. Retrieved May 27, 2025, from https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/tech/what-is-whatsapp-guide
Goodwin, G. E. (2023, September 6). What Is WhatsApp? How It Works, Tips, Tricks, and More. Business Insider. Retrieved May 27, 2025, from https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/tech/what-is-whatsapp-guide
Griffin, E. A. (2008). A First Look at Communication Theory. Mgraw-Hill.
Gudykunst, W. B., Ting-Toomey, S., & Chua, E. (1988). Culture and Interpersonal Communication. SAGE Publications.
Hamad, I. (2005). Lebih Dekat dengan Analisis Wacana. Mediator, 8(2), 325-344.
Hantono, D., & Pramitasari, D. (2018). ASPEK PERILAKU MANUSIA SEBAGAI MAKHLUK INDIVIDU DAN SOSIAL PADA RUANG TERBUKA PUBLIK. National Academic Journal Of Architecture, 5(2), 85-93.
Hidir, A., & Malik, R. (2024). Teori Sosiologi Modern. Yayasan Tri Edukasi Ilmiah.
Ho, S. S., Sim, C. C., & Chen, V. H.-H. (2013). The spiral of silence: examining how cultural predispositions, news attention, and opinion congruency relate to opinion expression. Asian Journal of Communication, 23(2).
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations. SAGE Publications.
Indo Asian News Service. (2022, Agustus 20). WhatsApp registers over 5 billion installs on Google Play Store. Hindustan Time Tech. https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/whatsapp-registers-over-5-billion-installs-on-google-play-store-story-jgg9GSYtRWHwZeDIUwK7GL.html
Kim, U., & Kagitcibasi, C. (Eds.). (1994). Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications. SAGE Publications.
Klooster, J. W. (2009). Icons of Invention: The Makers of the Modern World from Gutenberg to Gates. Greenwood Press.
Knoblock, N. (2020). Silent Majority or Vocal Minority: A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study of Trump Supporters’ Facebook Communication. Open Library of Humanities Journal, 6(2), 1-37.
Kottak, C. (2013). Mirror for Humanity: A Concise Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. McGraw-Hill Education.
Littlejohn, S. W., Foss, K. A., & Oetzel, J. G. (2016). Theories of Human Communication: Eleventh Edition (11th ed.). Waveland Press.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991, April). Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253.
Matsumoto, D. (2016). Culture and Psychology. Cengage Learning.
Matthes, J., Morrison, K. R., & Schemer, C. (2010). A Spiral of Silence for Some: Attitude Certainty and the Expression of Political Minority Opinions. Sage Journals, 37(6), 774-800.
McQuail, D. (2011). McQuail's Mass Communication Theory. SAGE.
Meekin, B. (2024, January 4). Loanwords in English: 60 Examples of Borrowed Words. Busuu. Retrieved May 8, 2025, from https://www.busuu.com/en/english/loan-words
Michalos, A. C. (2014). Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (A. C. Michalos, Ed.). Springer Netherlands.
Moy, P., & Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Media Effects on Political and Social Trust. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(4), 744-759.
Muslim, M. (2015). VARIAN-VARIAN PARADIGMA, PENDEKATAN, METODE, DAN JENIS PENELITIAN DALAM ILMU KOMUNIKASI. Wahana, 1(10), 77-85.
Muzakar, A., & Azizurrahman, A. (2023). Pengantar Sosiologi. Itkesmuspress.
Nasrullah, R. (2017). Media Sosial: Perspektif Komunikasi, Budaya, dan Sosioteknologi. Simbiosa Rekatama Media.
Neuman, E. N. (1984). The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion, Our Social Skin. University of Chicago Press.
Neuwirth, K., Frederick, E., & Mayo, C. (2007). The Spiral of Silence and Fear of Isolation. Journal of Communication, 57(3), 450-468.
Olson, P. (2014, Februari 19). Exclusive: The Rags-To-Riches Tale Of How Jan Koum Built WhatsApp Into Facebook's New $19 Billion Baby. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2014/02/19/exclusive-inside-story-how-jan-koum-built-whatsapp-into-facebooks-new-19-billion-baby/
Perlstein, R. (2009). Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America. Scribner.
Rahmawati, M., & Nonci, M. H. (2024, Januari 13). Konstruk Teori dan Paradigma Pengetahuan. Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 1(6), 173-179.
Safire, W. (2008). Safire's Political Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., McDaniel, E. R., & Roy, C. S. (Eds.). (2015). Intercultural Communication: A Reader. Cengage Learning.
Sanders, S. (2016, January 22). Trump Champions The 'Silent Majority,' But What Does That Mean In 2016? NPR. Retrieved June 15, 2025, from https://www.npr.org/2016/01/22/463884201/trump-champions-the-silent-majority-but-what-does-that-mean-in-2016
Santrock, J. W. (2018). Life-span Development. McGraw-Hill Education.
Sarnoff, P. (2018, Agustus 6). Chat apps are extinguishing phone calls. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/uk-chat-apps-overtake-calls-2018-8
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students. Pearson.
Setiawan, H. (2019). Memilih Diantara 7 Tradisi Ilmu Komunikasi Dalam Kerangka Filosofis. Jurnal Pendidikan, Komunikasi, dan Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 9(1), 29-31.
Soekanto, S. (2017). Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar. Rajawali Pers.
Sugiyono. (2016). Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif (12th ed.). Alfabeta.
Thibodeaux, W. (2018, November 30). Why People Don't Make Phone Calls Anymore, According to Psychology. Inc. Magazine. https://www.inc.com/wanda-thibodeaux/why-people-dont-make-phone-calls-anymore-according-to-psychology.html
Timberg, C. (2015, Mei 30). A flaw in the design. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/business/2015/05/30/net-of-insecurity-part-1/
Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism & collectivism. Avalon Publishing.
Udin, B., & Nurdyansyah. (2018). Buku Ajar Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan. Umsida Press.
Whatsapp. (2020, February 12). Two Billion Users -- Connecting the World Privately. WhatsApp Blog. Retrieved May 27, 2025, from https://blog.whatsapp.com/two-billion-users-connecting-the-world-privately
Zerback, T., & Fawzi, N. (2017). Can Online Exemplars Trigger a Spiral of Silence? Examining the Effects of Exemplar Opinions on Perceptions of Public Opinion and Speaking Out. New Media & Society, 19(7), 1034-1051.