Pengaruh Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia dan Manajemen Perawatan Kapal Terhadap Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Kapal Dimediasi oleh Kinerja Staff Galangan Kapal pada PT. Dok Pantai Lamongan
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Published
Nov 6, 2025
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of human resource quality and ship maintenance management on the ship safety management system with the performance of shipyard staff as a mediating variable at PT. Dok Pantai Lamongan. Human resource quality and maintenance management are strategic factors in minimizing accident risks and ensuring operational safety in shipping. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with inferential analysis through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methods. Data were collected from 218 respondents who are shipyard staff directly involved in maintenance and operational activities. The results indicate a significant positive direct effect between human resource quality and ship maintenance management on shipyard staff performance and the ship safety management system. Furthermore, there is a significant positive direct effect between shipyard staff performance and the ship safety management system, as well as a significant positive indirect effect between human resource quality and ship maintenance management on the ship safety management system, mediated by the shipyard staff performance. These findings emphasize that improving human resource quality through training, work discipline, and strengthening a structured maintenance management system will optimize the performance of shipyard staff and ultimately strengthen the ship safety system. This study implies that PT. Dok Pantai Lamongan needs to emphasize human resource competency improvement programs and digitally integrated maintenance management to ensure the sustainability of ship operational safety
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hak Cipta :
Penulis yang mempublikasikan manuskripnya di jurnal ini menyetujui ketentuan berikut:
- Hak cipta pada setiap artikel adalah milik penulis.
- Penulis mengakui bahwa Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development berhak menjadi yang pertama menerbitkan dengan lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0) .
- Penulis dapat mengirimkan artikel secara terpisah, mengatur distribusi non-eksklusif manuskrip yang telah diterbitkan dalam jurnal ini ke versi lain (misalnya, dikirim ke repositori institusi penulis, publikasi ke dalam buku, dll.), dengan mengakui bahwa manuskrip telah diterbitkan pertama kali di Ranah Research.
How to Cite
Ginting, P. R., Kania, D. D., Indrawan, R. and Setiawan, E. B. (2025) “Pengaruh Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia dan Manajemen Perawatan Kapal Terhadap Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Kapal Dimediasi oleh Kinerja Staff Galangan Kapal pada PT. Dok Pantai Lamongan”, Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 8(1), pp. 471-490. doi: 10.38035/rrj.v8i1.1904.
References
Abdullah, M. (2014). Manajemen dan Evaluasi Kinerja Karyawan. Yogyakarta : Aswaja Pressindo.
Abdurachman, I., & Arifiani, L. (2022). Panduan praktis teknik penelitian yang beretika konsep, teknik, aplikasi metode penelitian & publikasi. Scopindo Media Pustaka.
Adriansyah. (2015). Manajemen Transportasi dalam Kajian dan Teori.
Anggraini, E., Yuni, R. D., Cecilia, J., & Sitorus, Y. S. E. (2016). Manajemen Transportasi Barang.
Anggoro, R., & Supriyadi, Y. (2022). Pengaruh kompetensi dan kepemimpinan transaksional terhadap kepuasan dan kinerja awak kapal di Miclyn Express Offshore Pte.Ltd. Saintara: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Maritim, 6(1), 6–12
Arikunto, S. (2018). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Armstrong, M. (2012). Handbook of Human Resources Management Practice (twelve).
Akindehin, A., et al. (2015). Seafarers' safety. Asia Pacific Journal of Maritime Education, 1(2), 1–6.
Bhattacharya, M. (2015). Safety culture safety climate. International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Economy, 3(1), 51–70.
Boddy, D. (2020). Management Using Practice and Theory to Develop Skill. Pearson Education Limited:Edinburg.
Borman, W. C., Motowidlo, S. J., Behavior, O. C., & Performance, T. (2014). Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Contextual Performance. Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Contextual Performance. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315799254
Bowersox, D., Closs, D., & Cooper, M. B. (2020). Supply Chain Logistics Management (5th ed.). McGraw Hill Education.
Colquitt, J. A., Lepine, J., & Wesson, M. (2013). Organizational Behavior_ Improving Performance and Commitment in the workplace (fourth). McGrawHil.
Daft, R. L., Murphy, J., & Hugh, W. (2020). Organization Theory & Design: An International Perspective.
Danim, S. (2012). Menjadi pemimpin besar visioner berkarakter. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Dewi, N. P. T. D., & Purnawati, N. K. (2021). Peran maintenance dalam memoderasi pengaruh TQM terhadap kinerja perusahaan Bounty Cruises di Pelabuhan Benoa. E-Jurnal Manajemen, 10(2), 125–144.
Dessler, G. (2020). Human Resource Management Sixteenth Edition. In Pearson (sixteenth, Issue A). Pearson.
Fernando, A., Kusuma, A. C., Suganjar, & Astriawati, N. (2022). Optimalisasi fungsi alat keselamatan di kapal MT. Patra Tanker 2. Majalah Ilmiah Gema Maritim, 24(1), 67–75.
G. Daellenbach, H., & C. Mcnickle, D. (2005). Management Science: Decision Making Through Systems Thinking (Vol. 1). Palgrave Macmillan.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Sharma, P. N., & Liengaard, B. D. (2024). Going beyond the untold facts in PLS–SEM and moving forward. European Journal of Marketing, 58(13), 81–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-08-2023-0645
Hair, J. F., Sharma, P. N., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Liengaard, B. D. (2024). The shortcomings of equal weights estimation and the composite equivalence index in PLS-SEM. European Journal of Marketing, 58(13), 30–55. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-04-2023-0307
Hasibuan, S., & Jaqin, C. (2022). Seleksi dan Penentuan Third Party Logistik Transportasi Produk Pelumas Menggunakan Metode TOPSIS dan PROMETHE. Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering, 14(3), 235. https://doi.org/10.22441/oe.2022.v14.i3.058
Kamis, M., et al. (2020). Basic training on seafarers' safety knowledge, attitude, behaviour. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 15(6), 145–166.
Kaynak, M., et al. (2016). Occupational health and safety practices, organizational commitment, work alienation, job performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(5), 146–166.
Kamaluddin, R. (2013). Ekonomi Transportasi (Karakteristik, Teori, dan Kebijakan). Ghalia Indonesia.
Karendra, I. A. (2016). Pengaruh kualitas sumber daya manusia terhadap perkembangan usaha pada kpri pertaguma kota madiun. EQUILIBRIUM: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Pembelajarannya, 4(1), 57-67.
Lasse, D. A. (2012). Manajemen Peralatan. Jakarta: PT. Rajawali Pers.
Lasse, D., Darunanto, D., & Fatimah. (2016). Pelatihan keselamatan bagi anak buah kapal. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan Logistik, 2(2), 257–266.
Layuk, A. A., Nurwahidah, & Rizaldi, M. (2021). Penerapan sistem manajemen perawatan kapal dalam menunjang kelancaran pengoperasian kapal MT. Catur Samudra. Venus, 9(1), 9–15.
Mahmud. (2011). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.
Mangkunegara, A. P. (2015). Effect of Training, Competence and Discipline on Employee Performance in Company (Case Study in PT. Asuransi Bangun Askrida). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 1240–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.165
Martono, N. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. PT. Rajagrafindo Persada: Jakarta.
Matutina. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Gramedia Widia Sarana.
Mashartanto, H., et al. (2023). Analisis sistem perawatan safety equipment terhadap keselamatan crew kapal. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan Logistik, 2(1), 112–120.
Nasution, H. M. N. (2012). Manajemen Transportasi. Ghalia Indonesia.
Ndraha, T. (2012). Pengantar teori Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Nguyen, T. (2021). Improving Competence of Logistics Services of Vietnamese Freight Forwarding Companies Post EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement Period.
Pangestu, Y., & Hermanto, A. W. (2018). Analisis pelatihan ship management guna meningkatkan kualitas kerja awak kapal di PT. Pertamina Perkapalan Jakarta. Jurnal Dinamika Bahari, 9(1), 2218–2226.
Purwoko, H., Nugroho, S. T., & Amalia, A. R. (2019). Kesiapan moda transportasi dan perencanaan muatan terhadap kelancaran distribusi CBU (Completely Build Up). Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi Dan Logistik (JMBTL), 5(3), 419–426.
Rahardjo, M. P. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Yogyakarta : UPN.
Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Sinkovics, N., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2023). A perspective on using partial least squares structural equation modelling in data articles. Data in Brief, 48(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109074
Ricardianto, I., Prastiama, H., et al. (2021). The ship’s crew performance of Indonesian national shipping companies. International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management Studies, 3(3), 52–66.
Ricardianto, I., Sakti, D., et al. (2021). Safety. Journal of Economics, Management, Entrepreneur, and Business (JEMEB), 1(1), 1–11.
Rudianto, R., Suhalis, A., & Pahala, Y. (2014). Hubungan kompetensi dan disiplin dengan kinerja awak armada kapal sungai. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan Logistik, 1(1), 132–150.
Robbins, S. P., Coulter, M. K., & DeCenzo, D. A. (2019). Fundamentals of management (11th ed.). Pearson Education Limited:Edinburg. http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI
Rodrigue, J.-P. (2020). The Geography of Transport System (Jean-Paul Rodrigue (ed.); 5th ed.). Routledge.
Samson, D., & Daft, R. L. (2014). Management (5th Asia-Pacific ed.) (Vol. 11, Issue 1). Cengage Learning. http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI
Sarstedt, M., Adler, S. J., Ringle, C. M., Cho, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Hwang, H., & Liengaard, B. D. (2024). Same model, same data, but different outcomes: Evaluating the impact of method choices in structural equation modeling. Journal of Product Innovation Management, March, 1100–1117. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12738
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (Issue July). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8
Sabrina, M., et al. (2021). Occupational safety and health, and work environment employee performance. Global Research on Sustainable Transport & Logistics, 1(1), 207–217.
Suyadi, M., Madawanto, Y., & Salim. (2021). Pengaruh pelatihan dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja prajurit satuan kapal eskorta Koarmada II. Coopetition: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 12(2), 279–288.
Scandura, T. A. (2019). Essential of Organizational Behavior. An Evidence Based Approach. SAGE.
Schermerhorn, John R., Bachrach G., D., & Wright, B. (2020). Management (5th Canadian Ed.). Wiley Online Library.
Schermerhorn, J. R., Davidson, P., Factor, A., Poole, D., Woods, P., Simon, A., & McBarron, E. (2017). Management: Asia-Pacific. Wiley.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2020). Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach : Seventh Edition. United Kingdom:John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Senna, R. A., Mukti, E. T., & Suyono, R. S. (2020). Penataan Manajemen Lalu Lintas Jalan Supadio Dan Jalan Mayor Alianyang Kubu Raya Akibat Pembangunan Kawasan Komersial Terpadu bumi Raya City. Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil …, 1–10.
Sudaryono. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian. Depok:PT.Raja Grafindo.
Sudaryono. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian: Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Mix. Method. Depok: Rajawali Pers.
Sugeng, I. (2013). Mengukur dan Mengelola Intellectual Capital (Paradigma Baru Manajeman Sumber Daya Manusia). Jakarta : Amara Books.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Kualitatif Kombinasi, R dan D, dan Penelitian Pendidikan. Alfabeta.
Suliyanto. (2020). Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Untuk Skripsi, Tesis dan Disertasi. Andi.
Sutrisno, E. (2014). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Yogyakarta: Prenada Media.
Sutrisno, E. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta : Prananda Media Group.
Tamba, E., et al. (2024). Peran keselamatan awak kapal memediasi perawatan peralatan keselamatan terhadap kinerja awak kapal. Jurnal Ilmiah Maritim, 7(1), 58–70.
Tsai, W. H., & Liou, J. J. (2017). Work performance of seafarers. Maritime Business Review, 2(1), 36–51.
Umar, H. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Aplikasi dalam pemasaran. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
UU RI. (2008). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 66 tahun 2024 tentang Pelayaran Pasal 1 butir 12.
Watoni, T. (2019). Occupational safety and health, work discipline, employee performance. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 3(4), 320–329.
Weda, I. (2022). Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keselamatan Pelayaran (Studi Pada KSOP Tanjung Wangi ). Ebismen, 1(1), 92–107.
Werther, W. B., & Davis, K. (2012). Manajemen Kinerja. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Widodo, W. (2015). Pengaruh Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Kemampuan Kerja Pegawai (Studi di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Lampung Timur). Jurnal TAPIs.
Widoyoko, E. P. (2012). Teknik Penyusunan Instrumen Penelitian. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar.
Wirawan. (2015). Evaluasi Kinerja Sumber Daya Manusia Teori, Aplikasi, dan Penelitian. Jakarta.Salemba Empat
Yuen, E. T., et al. (2018). Satisfaction performance of seafarers. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 110, 1–34.
Abdurachman, I., & Arifiani, L. (2022). Panduan praktis teknik penelitian yang beretika konsep, teknik, aplikasi metode penelitian & publikasi. Scopindo Media Pustaka.
Adriansyah. (2015). Manajemen Transportasi dalam Kajian dan Teori.
Anggraini, E., Yuni, R. D., Cecilia, J., & Sitorus, Y. S. E. (2016). Manajemen Transportasi Barang.
Anggoro, R., & Supriyadi, Y. (2022). Pengaruh kompetensi dan kepemimpinan transaksional terhadap kepuasan dan kinerja awak kapal di Miclyn Express Offshore Pte.Ltd. Saintara: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Maritim, 6(1), 6–12
Arikunto, S. (2018). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Armstrong, M. (2012). Handbook of Human Resources Management Practice (twelve).
Akindehin, A., et al. (2015). Seafarers' safety. Asia Pacific Journal of Maritime Education, 1(2), 1–6.
Bhattacharya, M. (2015). Safety culture safety climate. International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Economy, 3(1), 51–70.
Boddy, D. (2020). Management Using Practice and Theory to Develop Skill. Pearson Education Limited:Edinburg.
Borman, W. C., Motowidlo, S. J., Behavior, O. C., & Performance, T. (2014). Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Contextual Performance. Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Contextual Performance. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315799254
Bowersox, D., Closs, D., & Cooper, M. B. (2020). Supply Chain Logistics Management (5th ed.). McGraw Hill Education.
Colquitt, J. A., Lepine, J., & Wesson, M. (2013). Organizational Behavior_ Improving Performance and Commitment in the workplace (fourth). McGrawHil.
Daft, R. L., Murphy, J., & Hugh, W. (2020). Organization Theory & Design: An International Perspective.
Danim, S. (2012). Menjadi pemimpin besar visioner berkarakter. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Dewi, N. P. T. D., & Purnawati, N. K. (2021). Peran maintenance dalam memoderasi pengaruh TQM terhadap kinerja perusahaan Bounty Cruises di Pelabuhan Benoa. E-Jurnal Manajemen, 10(2), 125–144.
Dessler, G. (2020). Human Resource Management Sixteenth Edition. In Pearson (sixteenth, Issue A). Pearson.
Fernando, A., Kusuma, A. C., Suganjar, & Astriawati, N. (2022). Optimalisasi fungsi alat keselamatan di kapal MT. Patra Tanker 2. Majalah Ilmiah Gema Maritim, 24(1), 67–75.
G. Daellenbach, H., & C. Mcnickle, D. (2005). Management Science: Decision Making Through Systems Thinking (Vol. 1). Palgrave Macmillan.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Sharma, P. N., & Liengaard, B. D. (2024). Going beyond the untold facts in PLS–SEM and moving forward. European Journal of Marketing, 58(13), 81–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-08-2023-0645
Hair, J. F., Sharma, P. N., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Liengaard, B. D. (2024). The shortcomings of equal weights estimation and the composite equivalence index in PLS-SEM. European Journal of Marketing, 58(13), 30–55. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-04-2023-0307
Hasibuan, S., & Jaqin, C. (2022). Seleksi dan Penentuan Third Party Logistik Transportasi Produk Pelumas Menggunakan Metode TOPSIS dan PROMETHE. Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering, 14(3), 235. https://doi.org/10.22441/oe.2022.v14.i3.058
Kamis, M., et al. (2020). Basic training on seafarers' safety knowledge, attitude, behaviour. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 15(6), 145–166.
Kaynak, M., et al. (2016). Occupational health and safety practices, organizational commitment, work alienation, job performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(5), 146–166.
Kamaluddin, R. (2013). Ekonomi Transportasi (Karakteristik, Teori, dan Kebijakan). Ghalia Indonesia.
Karendra, I. A. (2016). Pengaruh kualitas sumber daya manusia terhadap perkembangan usaha pada kpri pertaguma kota madiun. EQUILIBRIUM: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Pembelajarannya, 4(1), 57-67.
Lasse, D. A. (2012). Manajemen Peralatan. Jakarta: PT. Rajawali Pers.
Lasse, D., Darunanto, D., & Fatimah. (2016). Pelatihan keselamatan bagi anak buah kapal. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan Logistik, 2(2), 257–266.
Layuk, A. A., Nurwahidah, & Rizaldi, M. (2021). Penerapan sistem manajemen perawatan kapal dalam menunjang kelancaran pengoperasian kapal MT. Catur Samudra. Venus, 9(1), 9–15.
Mahmud. (2011). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.
Mangkunegara, A. P. (2015). Effect of Training, Competence and Discipline on Employee Performance in Company (Case Study in PT. Asuransi Bangun Askrida). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 1240–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.165
Martono, N. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. PT. Rajagrafindo Persada: Jakarta.
Matutina. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Gramedia Widia Sarana.
Mashartanto, H., et al. (2023). Analisis sistem perawatan safety equipment terhadap keselamatan crew kapal. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan Logistik, 2(1), 112–120.
Nasution, H. M. N. (2012). Manajemen Transportasi. Ghalia Indonesia.
Ndraha, T. (2012). Pengantar teori Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Nguyen, T. (2021). Improving Competence of Logistics Services of Vietnamese Freight Forwarding Companies Post EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement Period.
Pangestu, Y., & Hermanto, A. W. (2018). Analisis pelatihan ship management guna meningkatkan kualitas kerja awak kapal di PT. Pertamina Perkapalan Jakarta. Jurnal Dinamika Bahari, 9(1), 2218–2226.
Purwoko, H., Nugroho, S. T., & Amalia, A. R. (2019). Kesiapan moda transportasi dan perencanaan muatan terhadap kelancaran distribusi CBU (Completely Build Up). Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi Dan Logistik (JMBTL), 5(3), 419–426.
Rahardjo, M. P. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Yogyakarta : UPN.
Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Sinkovics, N., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2023). A perspective on using partial least squares structural equation modelling in data articles. Data in Brief, 48(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109074
Ricardianto, I., Prastiama, H., et al. (2021). The ship’s crew performance of Indonesian national shipping companies. International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management Studies, 3(3), 52–66.
Ricardianto, I., Sakti, D., et al. (2021). Safety. Journal of Economics, Management, Entrepreneur, and Business (JEMEB), 1(1), 1–11.
Rudianto, R., Suhalis, A., & Pahala, Y. (2014). Hubungan kompetensi dan disiplin dengan kinerja awak armada kapal sungai. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Transportasi dan Logistik, 1(1), 132–150.
Robbins, S. P., Coulter, M. K., & DeCenzo, D. A. (2019). Fundamentals of management (11th ed.). Pearson Education Limited:Edinburg. http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI
Rodrigue, J.-P. (2020). The Geography of Transport System (Jean-Paul Rodrigue (ed.); 5th ed.). Routledge.
Samson, D., & Daft, R. L. (2014). Management (5th Asia-Pacific ed.) (Vol. 11, Issue 1). Cengage Learning. http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI
Sarstedt, M., Adler, S. J., Ringle, C. M., Cho, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Hwang, H., & Liengaard, B. D. (2024). Same model, same data, but different outcomes: Evaluating the impact of method choices in structural equation modeling. Journal of Product Innovation Management, March, 1100–1117. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12738
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (Issue July). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8
Sabrina, M., et al. (2021). Occupational safety and health, and work environment employee performance. Global Research on Sustainable Transport & Logistics, 1(1), 207–217.
Suyadi, M., Madawanto, Y., & Salim. (2021). Pengaruh pelatihan dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja prajurit satuan kapal eskorta Koarmada II. Coopetition: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 12(2), 279–288.
Scandura, T. A. (2019). Essential of Organizational Behavior. An Evidence Based Approach. SAGE.
Schermerhorn, John R., Bachrach G., D., & Wright, B. (2020). Management (5th Canadian Ed.). Wiley Online Library.
Schermerhorn, J. R., Davidson, P., Factor, A., Poole, D., Woods, P., Simon, A., & McBarron, E. (2017). Management: Asia-Pacific. Wiley.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2020). Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach : Seventh Edition. United Kingdom:John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Senna, R. A., Mukti, E. T., & Suyono, R. S. (2020). Penataan Manajemen Lalu Lintas Jalan Supadio Dan Jalan Mayor Alianyang Kubu Raya Akibat Pembangunan Kawasan Komersial Terpadu bumi Raya City. Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil …, 1–10.
Sudaryono. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian. Depok:PT.Raja Grafindo.
Sudaryono. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian: Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Mix. Method. Depok: Rajawali Pers.
Sugeng, I. (2013). Mengukur dan Mengelola Intellectual Capital (Paradigma Baru Manajeman Sumber Daya Manusia). Jakarta : Amara Books.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Kualitatif Kombinasi, R dan D, dan Penelitian Pendidikan. Alfabeta.
Suliyanto. (2020). Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Untuk Skripsi, Tesis dan Disertasi. Andi.
Sutrisno, E. (2014). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Yogyakarta: Prenada Media.
Sutrisno, E. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta : Prananda Media Group.
Tamba, E., et al. (2024). Peran keselamatan awak kapal memediasi perawatan peralatan keselamatan terhadap kinerja awak kapal. Jurnal Ilmiah Maritim, 7(1), 58–70.
Tsai, W. H., & Liou, J. J. (2017). Work performance of seafarers. Maritime Business Review, 2(1), 36–51.
Umar, H. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Aplikasi dalam pemasaran. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
UU RI. (2008). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 66 tahun 2024 tentang Pelayaran Pasal 1 butir 12.
Watoni, T. (2019). Occupational safety and health, work discipline, employee performance. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 3(4), 320–329.
Weda, I. (2022). Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keselamatan Pelayaran (Studi Pada KSOP Tanjung Wangi ). Ebismen, 1(1), 92–107.
Werther, W. B., & Davis, K. (2012). Manajemen Kinerja. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Widodo, W. (2015). Pengaruh Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Kemampuan Kerja Pegawai (Studi di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Lampung Timur). Jurnal TAPIs.
Widoyoko, E. P. (2012). Teknik Penyusunan Instrumen Penelitian. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar.
Wirawan. (2015). Evaluasi Kinerja Sumber Daya Manusia Teori, Aplikasi, dan Penelitian. Jakarta.Salemba Empat
Yuen, E. T., et al. (2018). Satisfaction performance of seafarers. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 110, 1–34.