Rencana Trump 2025 sebagai Instrumen Politik: Analisis terhadap Batas antara Soft Law dengan Perjanjian Internasional
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Published
Nov 24, 2025
Abstract
Kemunculan Rencana Trump 2025 sebagai instrumen politik global menempatkan isu batas antara soft law dan perjanjian Internasional pada pusat diskursus hukum Internasional, menantang pemahaman klasik tentang kewajiban dan daya mengikat antar negara. Objek penelitian ini difokuskan pada dokumen politik yang diusulkan oleh Amerika Serikat, yang memiliki relevansi terhadap dinamika hubungan antara Amerika Serikat dan Israel di kawasan Timur Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach), yang bertumpu pada analisis terhadap ketentuan Konvensi Wina 1969 serta doktrin hukum Internasional terkait sumber dan hierarki norma hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Rencana Trump 2025 tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai perjanjian Internasional (hard law) sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Konvensi Wina 1969, karena tidak mengandung unsur kesepakatan antar negara dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk menimbulkan akibat hukum yang mengikat. Namun demikian, dokumen ini memiliki daya pengaruh politik dan normatif yang signifikan terhadap perilaku negara, khususnya Amerika Serikat dan Israel, dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian Internasional di kawasan Timur Tengah. Dengan demikian, Rencana Trump 2025 dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai bentuk soft law yang bersifat non-binding tetapi efektif dalam membentuk arah kebijakan dan interpretasi norma hukum Internasional secara tidak langsung.
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How to Cite
Noriyah, A. (2025) “Rencana Trump 2025 sebagai Instrumen Politik: Analisis terhadap Batas antara Soft Law dengan Perjanjian Internasional”, Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 8(1), pp. 960-969. doi: 10.38035/rrj.v8i1.1944.
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Trump's Gaza 'plan': What it is, why it's unworkable and globally rejected. (2025, February 13). Al Jazeera. Retrieved October 13, 2025, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/13/trumps-gaza-plan-what-it-is-why-its-controversial-and-globally-rejected
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—-------, Pasal 2 ayat (1)(a). “an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law.”
—-------, Pasal 60, “A material breach of a bilateral treaty by one of the parties entitles the other to invoke the breach as a ground for terminating the treaty or suspending its operation in whole or in part”.
Well, P. (2017, February 27). Towards Relative Normativity in International Law? Cambridge University Press, 77(3). https://doi.org/10.2307/2201073
Brownlie, I., & Crawford, J. (2012). Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law. OUP Oxford.
Chinkin CM. (2008, January 17). The Challenge of Soft Law: Development and Change in International Law. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved Oktober 13, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/38.4.850
Donald Trump's February 2025 Gaza Strip proposal - Wikipedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 13, 2025, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_February_2025_Gaza_Strip_proposal
Friday essay: Project 2025, the policy substance behind Trump’s showmanship, reveals a radical plan to reshape the world. (2024, May 16). MAHB. https://mahb.stanford.edu/library-item/friday-essay-project-2025-the-policy-substance-behind-trumps-showmanship-reveals-a-radical-plan-to-reshape-the-world/
Holmes, O., & Owen, P. (2025, February 26). Trump faces Truth Social backlash over AI video of Gaza with topless Netanyahu and bearded bellydancers. The Guardian. Retrieved October 13, 2025, from https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/26/backlash-trump-shares-ai-created-video-reimagined-gaza
Ikenberry, G. J. (2018, January 01). The end of liberal international order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241
Ishaq. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum dan Penulisan Skripsi, Tesis, serta Disertasi. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. (1995). Washington, D.C.
Joseph, S., & Kyriakakis, J. (2023). From soft law to hard law in business and human rights and the challenge of corporate power. Published online by Cambridge University Press, 36(2), 335-362. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156522000826
Klabbers, J. (2023). Soft Authority in Global Governance. Research Handbook on Soft Law. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839101939
Malcolm N, S. (2021). International Law, 9th ed. Cambridge University Press.
Mason, J., Spetalnick, M., Holland, S., & Al-Mughrabi, N. (2025, February 5). Trump aides defend Gaza takeover proposal but walk back some elements. Reuters. Retrieved October 13, 2025, from https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hamas-official-says-trumps-remarks-about-taking-over-gaza-are-could-ignite-2025-02-05/
Oslo II Agreement. (1995), (1995), Washington, D.C. Article XI (Redeployment and Security Arrangements).
—-------, Article XV (Prevention of Hostile).
—-------, Artikel XXXI Final Clause (5), “...It is understood that these negotiations shall cover remaining issues, including: Jerusalem, refugees,...”
—-------, Article XXXI Final Clause (7), “neither side shall take any step that will change the status of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip pending the outcome of the permanent status negotiations”
Panizzon, M., Allinson, K., & Grundler, M. (2024). Forms and functions of soft norms and informal law-making in international migration law: a different frontier. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2024.1368925
Peat, D. (2022, September 01). Disciplining Rules? Compliance, the Rules of Interpretation, and the Evaluative Dimension of Articles 31 and 32 of the VCLT. Neth Int Law Rev 69, (September 2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40802-022-00220-2
Project 2025. (2023). Mandate for Leadership. The Conservative Promise (Washington, D.C.: Heritage Foundation), bagian “Middle East Policy”. https://static.heritage.org/project2025/2025_MandateForLeadership_FULL.pdf
Project 2025: What a second Trump term could mean for media and technology policies | Brookings. (2024, July 22). Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/project-2025-what-a-second-trump-term-could-mean-for-media-and-technology-policies/
Project 2025 - Wikipedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 28, 2025, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_2025
Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts. (2001). https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/9_6_2001.pdf
Saroj, B., & Kolo, A. (2024). Soft Law in International Investment Law (Vol. 473). BUiD Doctoral Research Conference. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56121-4_36
Schachter, O. (2017, February 27). The Twilight Existence of Nonbinding International Agreements, 71(2), 296-304. https://doi.org/10.2307/2199530
Snyder, G. H., & Diesing, P. (2015). Conflict Among Nations: Bargaining, Decision Making, and System Structure in International Crises. Princeton University Press. 10.1515/9781400871186
Stefan, O. (2024, May 08). Preserving the Rule of Law Through Transnational Soft Law: The Cooperation and Verification Mechanism. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 16, pages 671–692. Hague Journhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-024-00222-7
Trump's Gaza 'plan': What it is, why it's unworkable and globally rejected. (2025, February 13). Al Jazeera. Retrieved October 13, 2025, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/13/trumps-gaza-plan-what-it-is-why-its-controversial-and-globally-rejected
UN General Assebly. (1970, October 24). Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. Refworld. Retrieved October 16, 2025, from https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/unga/1970/en/19494
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969, Pasal 26, “Every treaty in force is binding upon the parties to it and must be performed by them in good faith”.
—-------, Pasal 2 ayat (1)(a). “an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law.”
—-------, Pasal 60, “A material breach of a bilateral treaty by one of the parties entitles the other to invoke the breach as a ground for terminating the treaty or suspending its operation in whole or in part”.
Well, P. (2017, February 27). Towards Relative Normativity in International Law? Cambridge University Press, 77(3). https://doi.org/10.2307/2201073