Faktor yang Memengaruhi Distress Psikologis pada Pekerja Rantau: Tinjauan Sistematik
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Published
Jun 19, 2026
Abstract
This systematic review aims to identify the main factors influencing psychological distress in migrant workers. Referring to the PRISMA guidelines and the SPIDER framework, this study analyzed 10 articles that met the criteria from a total of 500 literature sources found through Google Scholar over the past five years. The synthesis results indicate that psychological distress is caused by a complex relationship between work, economic, social, and individual psychological factors. Work factors include long working hours and involvement in precarious work (3D). From an economic perspective, income instability and the stress of remittances are sources of chronic anxiety. Social factors such as discrimination, isolation, and language barriers also exacerbate mental health conditions. Individual characteristics such as low resilience, young age, and low education are strongly correlated with stress vulnerability. This study concludes the need for more comprehensive mental health protection policies for migrant workers at the international level.
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How to Cite
Shella, S., Winarsunu, T. and Hasanati, N. (2026) “Faktor yang Memengaruhi Distress Psikologis pada Pekerja Rantau: Tinjauan Sistematik”, Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 8(4), pp. 2295-2302. doi: 10.38035/rrj.v8i4.2116.
References
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Bernardo, A. B. I., Daganzo, M. A., & Burgos, J. F. C. (2022). Heritage culture detachment predicts hope and well-being of filipino migrant workers: a study of low- and semi-skilled filipino workers in macau. Psychological Studies, 67(3), 372–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-022-00667-2
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Hall, B. J., Panganiban, J. B., & Chan, E. W. (2023). Work stress and mental health among migrant workers: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 324, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.045
Hargreaves, S., Rustage, K., Nellums, L. B., McAlpine, A., Pocock, N., Devakumar, D., Aldridge, R. W., Abubakar, I., & Zimmerman, C. (2021). Occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers. The Lancet Global Health, 9(6), e742–e750. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00065-9
Hou, F., Bi, F., Jiao, R., Luo, D., & Song, K. (2020). Gender differences of depression and anxiety among migrants: The role of coping strategies. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55, 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01738-7
Hu, Y., Hu, J., & Zhu, Y. (2022). The impact of perceived discrimination on mental health among migrants. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 17, 2525–2541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09988-6
Khan, M. A., Khan, M. I., Illiyan, A., & Khojah, M. (2021). The economic and psychological impacts of covid-19 pandemic on indian migrant workers in the kingdom of saudi arabia. Healthcare, 9(9), 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091152
Koh, Y. S., Zhang, Y., Satghare, P., Jeyagurunathan, A., Lee, Y. T., Archana, S., Shah, M. I., Chong, S. A., Yap, J. C. H., Talib, H., Lim, C. Y., Azuree, L., & Subramaniam, M. (2026). Depressive and anxiety symptoms among migrant workers and migrant domestic workers in singapore. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 55(2), 74–82.
Lee, W.-C., Chanaka, N. S., Tsaur, C.-C., & Ho, J.-J. (2022). Acculturation, work-related stressors, and respective coping strategies among male indonesian migrant workers in the manufacturing industry in taiwan: a post-covid investigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12600. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912600
Liu, N., Chimed-Ochir, O., Fujino, Y., & Matsuda, S. (2024). Comparison of psychological distress between migrant and Japanese workers. Journal of UOEH, 46(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.46.13
Mucci, N., Traversini, V., Giorgi, G., Tommasi, E., De Sio, S., & Arcangeli, G. (2020). Migrant workers and psychological health: A systematic review. Sustainability, 12(1), 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010120
Sharma, A., Adhikari, R., Parajuli, E., Buda, M., Raut, J., Gautam, E., & Adhikari, B. (2023). Psychological morbidities among nepalese migrant workers to gulf and malaysia. PLOS ONE, 18(11), e0267784. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267784
Singh, R., Singh, P., & Singh, K. (2022). Economic stress and depression among migrant workers. Journal of Migration and Health, 5, 100087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100087
Sriramalu, S. B., Elangovan, A. R., Annapally, S. R., Birudu, R., & Lakshmana, G. (2023). Psychological distress and quality of community life among migratory construction workers in india. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 14(3), 533–540. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1768476
Tiwari, A., Shrestha, R., & Devkota, H. R. (2023). Migration-related stress and mental health outcomes among migrant workers. BMC Public Health, 23, 1123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15678-5
Ullah, A. K. M. A., et al. (2021). Migration, labor exploitation, and mental health. Migration and Development, 10(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1837512
Wright, L., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. (2021). Financial hardship and mental health during covid-19. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56, 1237–1245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01977-0
Zotova, N., Agadjanian, V., Isaeva, J., & Kalandarov, T. (2021). Worry, work, discrimination: socioecological model of psychological distress among central asian immigrant women in russia. SSM - Mental Health, 1, 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100011
Atteraya, M. S., Ebrahim, N. B., & Gnawali, S. (2021). Perceived risk factors for suicide among nepalese migrant workers in south korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126368
Bernardo, A. B. I., Daganzo, M. A., & Burgos, J. F. C. (2022). Heritage culture detachment predicts hope and well-being of filipino migrant workers: a study of low- and semi-skilled filipino workers in macau. Psychological Studies, 67(3), 372–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-022-00667-2
Ciaramella, M., Monacelli, N., & Cocimano, L. C. E. (2022). Promotion of resilience in migrants: A systematic review of study and psychosocial intervention. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 24(5), 1328–1344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-021-01247-y
Del Real, D., Crowhurst-Pons, F., & Olave, L. (2023). The work, economic, and remittance stress and distress of the covid-19 pandemic containment policies: the case of venezuelan migrants in argentina and chile. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043569
Geiling, A., Knaevelsrud, C., Böttche, M., & Stammel, N. (2022). Psychological distress, exhaustion, and work-related correlates among interpreters working in refugee care: results of a nationwide online survey in germany. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 13(1), 2046954. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2046954
Hall, B. J., Panganiban, J. B., & Chan, E. W. (2023). Work stress and mental health among migrant workers: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 324, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.045
Hargreaves, S., Rustage, K., Nellums, L. B., McAlpine, A., Pocock, N., Devakumar, D., Aldridge, R. W., Abubakar, I., & Zimmerman, C. (2021). Occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers. The Lancet Global Health, 9(6), e742–e750. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00065-9
Hou, F., Bi, F., Jiao, R., Luo, D., & Song, K. (2020). Gender differences of depression and anxiety among migrants: The role of coping strategies. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55, 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01738-7
Hu, Y., Hu, J., & Zhu, Y. (2022). The impact of perceived discrimination on mental health among migrants. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 17, 2525–2541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09988-6
Khan, M. A., Khan, M. I., Illiyan, A., & Khojah, M. (2021). The economic and psychological impacts of covid-19 pandemic on indian migrant workers in the kingdom of saudi arabia. Healthcare, 9(9), 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091152
Koh, Y. S., Zhang, Y., Satghare, P., Jeyagurunathan, A., Lee, Y. T., Archana, S., Shah, M. I., Chong, S. A., Yap, J. C. H., Talib, H., Lim, C. Y., Azuree, L., & Subramaniam, M. (2026). Depressive and anxiety symptoms among migrant workers and migrant domestic workers in singapore. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 55(2), 74–82.
Lee, W.-C., Chanaka, N. S., Tsaur, C.-C., & Ho, J.-J. (2022). Acculturation, work-related stressors, and respective coping strategies among male indonesian migrant workers in the manufacturing industry in taiwan: a post-covid investigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12600. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912600
Liu, N., Chimed-Ochir, O., Fujino, Y., & Matsuda, S. (2024). Comparison of psychological distress between migrant and Japanese workers. Journal of UOEH, 46(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.46.13
Mucci, N., Traversini, V., Giorgi, G., Tommasi, E., De Sio, S., & Arcangeli, G. (2020). Migrant workers and psychological health: A systematic review. Sustainability, 12(1), 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010120
Sharma, A., Adhikari, R., Parajuli, E., Buda, M., Raut, J., Gautam, E., & Adhikari, B. (2023). Psychological morbidities among nepalese migrant workers to gulf and malaysia. PLOS ONE, 18(11), e0267784. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267784
Singh, R., Singh, P., & Singh, K. (2022). Economic stress and depression among migrant workers. Journal of Migration and Health, 5, 100087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100087
Sriramalu, S. B., Elangovan, A. R., Annapally, S. R., Birudu, R., & Lakshmana, G. (2023). Psychological distress and quality of community life among migratory construction workers in india. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 14(3), 533–540. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1768476
Tiwari, A., Shrestha, R., & Devkota, H. R. (2023). Migration-related stress and mental health outcomes among migrant workers. BMC Public Health, 23, 1123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15678-5
Ullah, A. K. M. A., et al. (2021). Migration, labor exploitation, and mental health. Migration and Development, 10(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2020.1837512
Wright, L., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. (2021). Financial hardship and mental health during covid-19. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56, 1237–1245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01977-0
Zotova, N., Agadjanian, V., Isaeva, J., & Kalandarov, T. (2021). Worry, work, discrimination: socioecological model of psychological distress among central asian immigrant women in russia. SSM - Mental Health, 1, 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100011