Kajian Pengaruh Jenis dan Komposisi Bahan Perekat Organik terhadap Kualitas Briket Batubara Sub-bituminus di Pabrik Briket PT Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk.
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Published
Jul 13, 2026
Abstract
This study examines the effect of the type and composition of organic binders on the quality of sub-bituminous coal briquettes at the PT Bukit Asam Tbk Briquette Factory. The innovation focuses on utilizing palm oil industry liquid waste in the form of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) sludge as a natural thermoplastic binder, which is directly compared with a commercial food-based binder (tapioca). The tests were conducted using varying POME sludge substitution percentages (0%, 1.7%, 3.3%, and 5%), with a primary focus on the thermal and proximate characteristics. The results showed that POME sludge acts as a calory booster, linearly increasing the gross calorific value (GCV) of the briquettes from 5,909 kcal/kg to 6,330 kcal/kg (adb) due to the high hydrocarbon density of palm lipids. Proximate analysis confirmed a decrease in inherent moisture (from 5.33% to 4.17%) due to the hydrophobic nature of the lipids, alongside an increase in volatile matter (from 15.20% to 17.67%) and a moderate increase in ash content from 12.87% to 14.70%. Fixed carbon decreased from 64.87% to 61.28% with the increase of the palm phase, while the total sulfur content remained in a very low and safe category (maximum 0.26%). This palm phase substitution successfully enhanced the energy density of low-rank coal briquettes significantly.
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How to Cite
Yudha, I. W., Yusuf, M. and Rendana, M. (2026) “Kajian Pengaruh Jenis dan Komposisi Bahan Perekat Organik terhadap Kualitas Briket Batubara Sub-bituminus di Pabrik Briket PT Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk.”, Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 8(4), pp. 2651-2659. doi: 10.38035/rrj.v8i4.2218.
References
ASTM International. (2011). ASTM D3173-11: Standard Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM International. (2011). ASTM D3175-11: Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM International. (2012). ASTM D3174-12: Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM International. (2013). ASTM D3172-13: Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM International. (2013). ASTM D5865/D5865M-13: Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN). (2010). SNI 4931:2010: Briket batubara – Klasifikasi, syarat mutu dan metode pengujian. Jakarta: BSN.
Blesa, M. J., Miranda, J. L., Moliner, R., & Tarroja, M. A. (2003). Curing temperature effect on mechanical strength of smokeless fuel briquettes prepared with molasses. Fuel, 82(8), 943-947.
Carlberg, C. (2014). Statistical Analysis: Microsoft Excel 2013. Indianapolis: Que Publishing.
Fadhil. (2018). Karakteristik dan Pemanfaatan Batubara Peringkat Rendah sebagai Bahan Bakar Industri.
Fadhil, M., dkk. (2026). Dilema Akumulasi Residu Sulfur Organik dan Emisi Gas Flue pada Pembakaran Briket Batubara Sub-Bituminus Berperekat Organik Lokal. Jurnal Lingkungan dan Sumberdaya Alam, 12(1), 45-58.
Faizal, M., Andrie, M., & Kurniawan, A. (2018). Bio-coal briquettes made from South Sumatera low rank coal and palm shell charcoal for using in small industries. MATEC Web of Conferences, 156, 06001.
Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). London: SAGE Publications.
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25 (Edisi 9). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hardianto, T., Irhamna, A. R., Prawisudha, P., & Juangsa, F. B. (2023). Experimental study on the role of moisture in the cold binderless briquetting of low-rank coal. International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 43(10).
Idris, S. S., dkk. (2021). Sustainable green charcoal briquette: Influence of type and concentration of binders on chemical and physical characteristics. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development.
Jamilatun, S. (2008). Sifat-sifat Penyalaan dan Pembakaran Briket Biomassa, Briket Batubara dan Arang Kayu. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 2(2), 37-40.
Kaliyan, N., & Morey, R. V. (2009). Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33(3), 337-359.
Li, J., dkk. (2022). Effect of Organic Fat-Rich Slime Binders on the Briquetting Characteristics and Ash Fusion Behavior of Low-Rank Coal. Fuel Processing Technology, 231, 107241.
Mangena, S. J., de Lange, M., & du Cann, V. M. (2007). The selection of a binder for the briquetting of South African coal fines. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 12(1), 1-12.
Mitchual, S. J., Frimpong-Mensah, K., & Darkwa, N. A. (2022). A Review of Biomass Briquette Binders and Quality Parameters. Energies, 15(7), 2426.
Nurdin, dkk. (2025). The potential of palm kernel shell briquettes as a sustainable solid fuel. Jurnal Presipitasi, 22(1).
Nursanto, Edy, dkk. (2025). Analisis Kualitas Batubara Sub-Bituminus dan Pemanfaatannya.
Oka, A. A. K. (2012). Peningkatan Kualitas Batubara Peringkat Rendah Melalui Proses Pembriketan dengan Bahan Pengikat Tetes Tebu (Molasses) dan Kanji. [Tesis Magister, tidak dipublikasikan]. Universitas Udayana.
Pradana, Y. S., dkk. (2023). Characterization and Pyrolysis Kinetics of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Sludge for Solid Biofuel Production. Bioresource Technology Reports, 22, 101452.
Pryce, G. (2005). Inference and Statistics in SPSS. Glasgow: University of Glasgow Press.
Ramli, A., & Wijaya, H. (2025). Kajian Peningkatan Nilai Kalor Bahan Bakar Padat Melalui Intervensi Asam Lemak Bebas Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia, 24(1), 15-24.
Richards, S. R. (1990). Physical testing of fuel briquettes. Fuel Processing Technology, 25(2), 89-100.
Samsudin, M. M., dkk. (2020). Developing Sub-Bituminous Coal Sintering Ratio for Predicting Coal Ash Slagging Factors. International Journal of Technology, 11(4), 792-801.
Sukandarrumidi. (2006). Batubara dan Pemanfaatannya: Pengantar Teknologi Batubara Menuju Lingkungan Bersih. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Speight, J. G. (2013). The Chemistry and Technology of Coal (3rd ed.). CRC Press.
Vershinina, K., Dorokhov, V., Romanov, D., & Strizhak, P. (2022). Ignition, Combustion, and Mechanical Properties of Briquettes from Coal Slime and Oil Waste, Biomass, Peat and Starch. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 14, 431–445.
Walkenbach, J. (2015). Excel 2016 Bible. Indianapolis: John Wiley & Sons.
Wibowo, A., & Setiawan, B. (2024). Dinamika Komposisi Zat Terbang dan Karbon Tertambat pada Pembuatan Briket Komposit Coalite-Biomassa. Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara, 20(2), 112-125.
Wu, T. Y., Mohammad, A. W., Jahim, J. M., & Anuar, N. (2018). Pollution control technologies for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) through end-of-pipe processes. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(7), 1467-1490.
Zainuddin, M. F., dkk. (2024). Elucidating the Hydrophobic Mechanism of Lipid-Rich Palm Oil Waste as a Binder for Hydrophilic Biomass Pellets. Industrial Crops and Products, 208, 117810.
ASTM International. (2011). ASTM D3175-11: Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM International. (2012). ASTM D3174-12: Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM International. (2013). ASTM D3172-13: Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM International. (2013). ASTM D5865/D5865M-13: Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN). (2010). SNI 4931:2010: Briket batubara – Klasifikasi, syarat mutu dan metode pengujian. Jakarta: BSN.
Blesa, M. J., Miranda, J. L., Moliner, R., & Tarroja, M. A. (2003). Curing temperature effect on mechanical strength of smokeless fuel briquettes prepared with molasses. Fuel, 82(8), 943-947.
Carlberg, C. (2014). Statistical Analysis: Microsoft Excel 2013. Indianapolis: Que Publishing.
Fadhil. (2018). Karakteristik dan Pemanfaatan Batubara Peringkat Rendah sebagai Bahan Bakar Industri.
Fadhil, M., dkk. (2026). Dilema Akumulasi Residu Sulfur Organik dan Emisi Gas Flue pada Pembakaran Briket Batubara Sub-Bituminus Berperekat Organik Lokal. Jurnal Lingkungan dan Sumberdaya Alam, 12(1), 45-58.
Faizal, M., Andrie, M., & Kurniawan, A. (2018). Bio-coal briquettes made from South Sumatera low rank coal and palm shell charcoal for using in small industries. MATEC Web of Conferences, 156, 06001.
Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). London: SAGE Publications.
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25 (Edisi 9). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hardianto, T., Irhamna, A. R., Prawisudha, P., & Juangsa, F. B. (2023). Experimental study on the role of moisture in the cold binderless briquetting of low-rank coal. International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 43(10).
Idris, S. S., dkk. (2021). Sustainable green charcoal briquette: Influence of type and concentration of binders on chemical and physical characteristics. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development.
Jamilatun, S. (2008). Sifat-sifat Penyalaan dan Pembakaran Briket Biomassa, Briket Batubara dan Arang Kayu. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 2(2), 37-40.
Kaliyan, N., & Morey, R. V. (2009). Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33(3), 337-359.
Li, J., dkk. (2022). Effect of Organic Fat-Rich Slime Binders on the Briquetting Characteristics and Ash Fusion Behavior of Low-Rank Coal. Fuel Processing Technology, 231, 107241.
Mangena, S. J., de Lange, M., & du Cann, V. M. (2007). The selection of a binder for the briquetting of South African coal fines. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 12(1), 1-12.
Mitchual, S. J., Frimpong-Mensah, K., & Darkwa, N. A. (2022). A Review of Biomass Briquette Binders and Quality Parameters. Energies, 15(7), 2426.
Nurdin, dkk. (2025). The potential of palm kernel shell briquettes as a sustainable solid fuel. Jurnal Presipitasi, 22(1).
Nursanto, Edy, dkk. (2025). Analisis Kualitas Batubara Sub-Bituminus dan Pemanfaatannya.
Oka, A. A. K. (2012). Peningkatan Kualitas Batubara Peringkat Rendah Melalui Proses Pembriketan dengan Bahan Pengikat Tetes Tebu (Molasses) dan Kanji. [Tesis Magister, tidak dipublikasikan]. Universitas Udayana.
Pradana, Y. S., dkk. (2023). Characterization and Pyrolysis Kinetics of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Sludge for Solid Biofuel Production. Bioresource Technology Reports, 22, 101452.
Pryce, G. (2005). Inference and Statistics in SPSS. Glasgow: University of Glasgow Press.
Ramli, A., & Wijaya, H. (2025). Kajian Peningkatan Nilai Kalor Bahan Bakar Padat Melalui Intervensi Asam Lemak Bebas Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia, 24(1), 15-24.
Richards, S. R. (1990). Physical testing of fuel briquettes. Fuel Processing Technology, 25(2), 89-100.
Samsudin, M. M., dkk. (2020). Developing Sub-Bituminous Coal Sintering Ratio for Predicting Coal Ash Slagging Factors. International Journal of Technology, 11(4), 792-801.
Sukandarrumidi. (2006). Batubara dan Pemanfaatannya: Pengantar Teknologi Batubara Menuju Lingkungan Bersih. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Speight, J. G. (2013). The Chemistry and Technology of Coal (3rd ed.). CRC Press.
Vershinina, K., Dorokhov, V., Romanov, D., & Strizhak, P. (2022). Ignition, Combustion, and Mechanical Properties of Briquettes from Coal Slime and Oil Waste, Biomass, Peat and Starch. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 14, 431–445.
Walkenbach, J. (2015). Excel 2016 Bible. Indianapolis: John Wiley & Sons.
Wibowo, A., & Setiawan, B. (2024). Dinamika Komposisi Zat Terbang dan Karbon Tertambat pada Pembuatan Briket Komposit Coalite-Biomassa. Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara, 20(2), 112-125.
Wu, T. Y., Mohammad, A. W., Jahim, J. M., & Anuar, N. (2018). Pollution control technologies for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) through end-of-pipe processes. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(7), 1467-1490.
Zainuddin, M. F., dkk. (2024). Elucidating the Hydrophobic Mechanism of Lipid-Rich Palm Oil Waste as a Binder for Hydrophilic Biomass Pellets. Industrial Crops and Products, 208, 117810.