Determinant Stress Kerja pada Pelayanan Kesehatan: Analisis Lingkungan Kerja dan Beban Kerja (Studi Literature Review)
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Published
Sep 22, 2022
Abstract
Studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terhadap determinan stres kerja pada pelayanan kesehatan dengan fokus pada lingkungan kerja dan beban kerja. Melalui tinjauan literatur yang komprehensif, penelitian ini mengumpulkan dan mengevaluasi temuan-temuan sebelumnya untuk menyelidiki dampak lingkungan kerja dan beban kerja terhadap tingkat stres kerja di kalangan tenaga kesehatan. Analisis ini memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang faktor-faktor yang mendorong stres kerja dalam konteks pelayanan kesehatan, termasuk aspek fisik dan psikososial lingkungan kerja, serta tingkat beban kerja yang dihadapi oleh para profesional kesehatan. Temuan dari literatur memperkuat pemahaman tentang bagaimana variabel-variabel ini saling terkait dan dapat saling memengaruhi dalam menciptakan kondisi stres kerja yang kompleks. Penelitian ini juga memberikan sumbangan konseptual dengan mengidentifikasi pola umum yang muncul dari literatur, menyoroti gap pengetahuan yang masih ada, dan menawarkan arah untuk penelitian masa depan. Hasilnya diharapkan dapat memberikan landasan bagi pengembangan strategi dan intervensi yang dapat mengurangi tingkat stres kerja di kalangan tenaga kesehatan, meningkatkan kesejahteraan mereka, dan pada gilirannya, meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan secara keseluruhan.
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How to Cite
Satriyanto, M. D. (2022) “Determinant Stress Kerja pada Pelayanan Kesehatan: Analisis Lingkungan Kerja dan Beban Kerja (Studi Literature Review)”, Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 4(4), pp. 344-360. doi: 10.38035/rrj.v4i4.907.
References
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Alterman, T., Luckhaupt, S. E., Dahlhamer, J. M., Ward, B. W., & Calvert, G. M. (2013). Job insecurity, work-family imbalance, and hostile work environment: Prevalence data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 56(6), 660–669. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22123
Anggraeny, Y., Russeng, S. S., & Saleh, L. M. (2021). Pengaruh Beban Dengan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kelelahan Kerja Perawat Rs Tadjuddin Chalid. Hasanuddin Journal of Public Health, 2(1), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.30597/hjph.v2i1.12653
Aronsson, V., Toivanen, S., Leineweber, C., & Nyberg, A. (2019). Can a poor psychosocial work environment and insufficient organizational resources explain the higher risk of ill-health and sickness absence in human service occupations? Evidence from a Swedish national cohort. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(3), 310–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818812638
Asante, J. O., Li, M. J., Liao, J., Huang, Y. X., & Hao, Y. T. (2019). The relationship between psychosocial risk factors, burnout and quality of life among primary healthcare workers in rural Guangdong province: A cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4278-8
Biganeh, J., Ashtarinezhad, A., Behzadipour, D., Khanjani, N., Tavakoli Nik, A., & Bagheri Hosseinabadi, M. (2022). Investigating the relationship between job stress, workload and oxidative stress in nurses. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 28(2), 1176–1182. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1877456
Birhanu, M., Gebrekidan, B., Tesefa, G., & Tareke, M. (2018). Workload Determines Workplace Stress among Health Professionals Working in Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6286010
Brunner, B., Igic, I., Keller, A. C., & Wieser, S. (2019). Who gains the most from improving working conditions? Health-related absenteeism and presenteeism due to stress at work. European Journal of Health Economics, 20(8), 1165–1180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-019-01084-9
Chafi, M. B., Hultberg, A., & Yams, N. B. (2022). Post-pandemic office work: Perceived challenges and opportunities for a sustainable work environment. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010294
Chen, J., Li, J., Cao, B., Wang, F., Lou, L., & Xu, J. (2019). Mediating effects of self‐efficacy, coping, burnout, and social support between job stress and mental health among young Chinese nurses. Original Research, 01, 1–11.
De Sio, S., Cedrone, F., Sanità, D., Ricci, P., Corbosiero, P., Di Traglia, M., Greco, E., & Stansfeld, S. (2017). Quality of Life in Workers and Stress: Gender Differences in Exposure to Psychosocial Risks and Perceived Well-Being. BioMed Research International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7340781
Fishbein, D., Nambiar, S., McKenzie, K., Mayorga, M., Miller, K., Tran, K., Schubel, L., Agor, J., Kim, T., & Capan, M. (2020). Objective measures of workload in healthcare: a narrative review. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 33(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-12-2018-0288
Gozali, Z. R. (2022). Pengaruh Stres Kerja terhadap Komitmen Organisasi pada Perawat Unit Rawat Inap RSUD Sekarwangi. Jurnal Riset Psikologi, 2(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrp.v2i1.677
Hall, L. H., Johnson, J., Watt, I., Tsipa, A., & O’Connor, D. B. (2016). Healthcare staff wellbeing, burnout, and patient safety: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 11(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159015
Hanna, T., & Mona, E. (2015). Psychosocial Work Environment , Stress Factors and Individual Characteristics among Nursing Staff in Psychiatric In-Patient Care. International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health, 11, 1161–1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110101161
Hert, S. De. (2020). Burnout in Healthcare Workers : Prevalence , Impact and Preventative Strategies. Local and Regional Anesthesia, 13, 171–183.
Jiang, H., Jia, H., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Song, F., & Yu, X. (2021). Nurses’ occupational stress and presenteeism: The mediating role of public service motivation and the moderating role of health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073523
Ke, Y. T., & Hung, C. H. (2020). Factors that affect the health status of health care providers—A cross-sectional design. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(6), 1199–1206. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13057
Khajouei, R., Afzali, F., Jahanbakhsh, F., & Bagheri, F. (2023). The effect of electronic error-reporting forms on nurse’s stress and the rate of error-reporting. Health Informatics Journal, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582231212518
Khamisa, N., Peltzer, K., Ilic, D., & Oldenburg, B. (2017). Effect of personal and work stress on burnout, job satisfaction and general health of hospital nurses in South Africa. Health SA Gesondheid, 22, 252–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsag.2016.10.001
Kushal, A., Gupta, S. K., Mehta, M., & Singh, M. M. (2018). Study of Stress among Health Care Professionals: A Systemic Review. International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Healthcare Administration, 6(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10035-1084
Lake, E. T., Sanders, J., Duan, R., Riman, K. A., Schoenauer, K. M., & Chen, Y. (2019). A Meta-Analysis of the Associations between the Nurse Work Environment in Hospitals and 4 Sets of Outcomes. Medical Care, 57(5), 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001109
Larsson, I. M., Aronsson, A., Norén, K., & Wallin, E. (2022). Healthcare workers’ structured daily reflection on patient safety, workload and work environment in intensive care. A descriptive retrospective study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 68, 103122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103122
Lee, J., Jeong, H. J., & Kim, S. (2021). Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Undergraduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic and their Use of Mental Health Services. Innovative Higher Education, 46(5), 519–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-021-09552-y
Mabruroh, E. P., Hasibuan, B., & Ramli, S. (2023). Pengaruh Implementasi Budaya Keselamatan Pasien terhadap Stres Kerja Perawat di Rumah Sakit Kepolisian Kuwait. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 5(4), 1060–1077. https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v5i4.9321
Mardiani, L., & Dudija, N. (2021). Pengaruh Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Stres Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus Pada Tenaga Kesehatan Rumah Sakit Umum Prasetya Bunda). E-Proceeding of Management, 8(5), 4428–4441.
Maulidin, M. A., Kusyairi, A., & Isnawati, I. A. (2023). Hubungan Beban Kerja Dengan Kualitas Pelayanan Keperawatan Perioperatif Perawat Ruang Operasi Di RSUD Situbondo Tahun 2023. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Mandira Cendikia, 2(10), 368–379.
MJ, E., EU, A., & NM, P. (2017). Impact of Workplace Environment on Health Workers. Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs, 05(02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000261
Pamungkas, A. P., & Sridadi, A. R. (2020). Pengaruh Work Overload terhadap Nurse Performance dengan Burnout sebagai Variabel Intervening di Rumah Sakit X Surabaya. Business and Finance Journal, 5(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.33086/bfj.v5i2.1788
Parashakti, R. D., Fahlevi, M., Ekhsan, M., & Hadinata, A. (2020). The Influence of Work Environment and Competence on Motivation and Its Impact on Employee Performance in Health Sector. 135(Aicmbs 2019), 259–267. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200410.040
Patel, R. S., Bachu, R., Adikey, A., Malik, M., & Shah, M. (2018). Factors related to physician burnout and its consequences: A review. Behavioral Sciences, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8110098
Privitera, M. R., H. Rosenstein, A., Plessow, F., & M. LoCastro, T. (2014). Physician Burnout and Occupational Stress: An inconvenient truth with unintended consequences. Journal of Hospital Administration, 4(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.5430/jha.v4n1p27
Reith, T. P. (2018). Burnout in United States Healthcare Professionals: A Narrative Review. Cureus, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3681
Rink, L. C., Oyesanya, T. O., Adair, K. C., Humphreys, J. C., Silva, S. G., & Sexton, J. B. (2023). Stressors Among Healthcare Workers: A Summative Content Analysis. Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23333936231161127
Sheikhrabori, A., Peyrovi, H., & Khankeh, H. (2022). The Main Features of Resilience in Healthcare Providers: A Scoping Review. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.36.3
Suwandy, S. E., Jak, Y., & Satar, Y. P. (2023). Analisis Determinan Yang Mempengaruhi Budaya Keselamatan Pasien Di Rumah Sakit Tugu Ibu Depok Tahun 2023. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia (MARSI), 7(3), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.52643/marsi.v7i3.3381
Tandilangi, A. A., & Ticoalu, J. (2022). Hubungan Burnout Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pada Perawat Di RSUD Maria Walanda Maramis. Klabat Journal of Nursing, 20(1), 105–123.
Whitehead, D., Hamidi, Y., Ebrahimi, H., Hazavehei, S. M. M., & Kharghani Moghadam, S. M. (2023). Relationships Between Lifestyle, Quality of Life, Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction Among Nurses Related to Health Promoting Hospital (HPH) Standards. Health Services Insights, 16. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786329231193792
Yana, D. (2015). Stres Kerja pada Perawat Instalasi Gawat Darurat di RSUD Pasar Rebo Tahun 2014 Work Stress Among Nurses In Emergency Room in RSUD Pasar Rebo 2014. Jurnal ARSI, 1(2), 107–115.
Zabin, L. M., Zaitoun, R. S. A., Sweity, E. M., & de Tantillo, L. (2023). The relationship between job stress and patient safety culture among nurses: a systematic review. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01198-9
Zaghini, F., Vellone, E., Maurici, M., Sestili, C., Mannocci, A., Ercoli, E., Magnavita, N., Torre, G. La, Alvaro, R., & Sili, A. (2020). The influence of work context and organizational well-being on psychophysical health of healthcare providers. Medicina Del Lavoro, 111(4), 306–320. https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v111i4.9075
Alterman, T., Luckhaupt, S. E., Dahlhamer, J. M., Ward, B. W., & Calvert, G. M. (2013). Job insecurity, work-family imbalance, and hostile work environment: Prevalence data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 56(6), 660–669. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22123
Anggraeny, Y., Russeng, S. S., & Saleh, L. M. (2021). Pengaruh Beban Dengan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kelelahan Kerja Perawat Rs Tadjuddin Chalid. Hasanuddin Journal of Public Health, 2(1), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.30597/hjph.v2i1.12653
Aronsson, V., Toivanen, S., Leineweber, C., & Nyberg, A. (2019). Can a poor psychosocial work environment and insufficient organizational resources explain the higher risk of ill-health and sickness absence in human service occupations? Evidence from a Swedish national cohort. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(3), 310–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818812638
Asante, J. O., Li, M. J., Liao, J., Huang, Y. X., & Hao, Y. T. (2019). The relationship between psychosocial risk factors, burnout and quality of life among primary healthcare workers in rural Guangdong province: A cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4278-8
Biganeh, J., Ashtarinezhad, A., Behzadipour, D., Khanjani, N., Tavakoli Nik, A., & Bagheri Hosseinabadi, M. (2022). Investigating the relationship between job stress, workload and oxidative stress in nurses. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 28(2), 1176–1182. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1877456
Birhanu, M., Gebrekidan, B., Tesefa, G., & Tareke, M. (2018). Workload Determines Workplace Stress among Health Professionals Working in Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6286010
Brunner, B., Igic, I., Keller, A. C., & Wieser, S. (2019). Who gains the most from improving working conditions? Health-related absenteeism and presenteeism due to stress at work. European Journal of Health Economics, 20(8), 1165–1180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-019-01084-9
Chafi, M. B., Hultberg, A., & Yams, N. B. (2022). Post-pandemic office work: Perceived challenges and opportunities for a sustainable work environment. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010294
Chen, J., Li, J., Cao, B., Wang, F., Lou, L., & Xu, J. (2019). Mediating effects of self‐efficacy, coping, burnout, and social support between job stress and mental health among young Chinese nurses. Original Research, 01, 1–11.
De Sio, S., Cedrone, F., Sanità, D., Ricci, P., Corbosiero, P., Di Traglia, M., Greco, E., & Stansfeld, S. (2017). Quality of Life in Workers and Stress: Gender Differences in Exposure to Psychosocial Risks and Perceived Well-Being. BioMed Research International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7340781
Fishbein, D., Nambiar, S., McKenzie, K., Mayorga, M., Miller, K., Tran, K., Schubel, L., Agor, J., Kim, T., & Capan, M. (2020). Objective measures of workload in healthcare: a narrative review. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 33(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-12-2018-0288
Gozali, Z. R. (2022). Pengaruh Stres Kerja terhadap Komitmen Organisasi pada Perawat Unit Rawat Inap RSUD Sekarwangi. Jurnal Riset Psikologi, 2(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.29313/jrp.v2i1.677
Hall, L. H., Johnson, J., Watt, I., Tsipa, A., & O’Connor, D. B. (2016). Healthcare staff wellbeing, burnout, and patient safety: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 11(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159015
Hanna, T., & Mona, E. (2015). Psychosocial Work Environment , Stress Factors and Individual Characteristics among Nursing Staff in Psychiatric In-Patient Care. International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health, 11, 1161–1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110101161
Hert, S. De. (2020). Burnout in Healthcare Workers : Prevalence , Impact and Preventative Strategies. Local and Regional Anesthesia, 13, 171–183.
Jiang, H., Jia, H., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Song, F., & Yu, X. (2021). Nurses’ occupational stress and presenteeism: The mediating role of public service motivation and the moderating role of health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073523
Ke, Y. T., & Hung, C. H. (2020). Factors that affect the health status of health care providers—A cross-sectional design. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(6), 1199–1206. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13057
Khajouei, R., Afzali, F., Jahanbakhsh, F., & Bagheri, F. (2023). The effect of electronic error-reporting forms on nurse’s stress and the rate of error-reporting. Health Informatics Journal, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582231212518
Khamisa, N., Peltzer, K., Ilic, D., & Oldenburg, B. (2017). Effect of personal and work stress on burnout, job satisfaction and general health of hospital nurses in South Africa. Health SA Gesondheid, 22, 252–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsag.2016.10.001
Kushal, A., Gupta, S. K., Mehta, M., & Singh, M. M. (2018). Study of Stress among Health Care Professionals: A Systemic Review. International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Healthcare Administration, 6(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10035-1084
Lake, E. T., Sanders, J., Duan, R., Riman, K. A., Schoenauer, K. M., & Chen, Y. (2019). A Meta-Analysis of the Associations between the Nurse Work Environment in Hospitals and 4 Sets of Outcomes. Medical Care, 57(5), 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001109
Larsson, I. M., Aronsson, A., Norén, K., & Wallin, E. (2022). Healthcare workers’ structured daily reflection on patient safety, workload and work environment in intensive care. A descriptive retrospective study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 68, 103122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103122
Lee, J., Jeong, H. J., & Kim, S. (2021). Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Undergraduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic and their Use of Mental Health Services. Innovative Higher Education, 46(5), 519–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-021-09552-y
Mabruroh, E. P., Hasibuan, B., & Ramli, S. (2023). Pengaruh Implementasi Budaya Keselamatan Pasien terhadap Stres Kerja Perawat di Rumah Sakit Kepolisian Kuwait. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 5(4), 1060–1077. https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v5i4.9321
Mardiani, L., & Dudija, N. (2021). Pengaruh Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Stres Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus Pada Tenaga Kesehatan Rumah Sakit Umum Prasetya Bunda). E-Proceeding of Management, 8(5), 4428–4441.
Maulidin, M. A., Kusyairi, A., & Isnawati, I. A. (2023). Hubungan Beban Kerja Dengan Kualitas Pelayanan Keperawatan Perioperatif Perawat Ruang Operasi Di RSUD Situbondo Tahun 2023. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Mandira Cendikia, 2(10), 368–379.
MJ, E., EU, A., & NM, P. (2017). Impact of Workplace Environment on Health Workers. Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs, 05(02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000261
Pamungkas, A. P., & Sridadi, A. R. (2020). Pengaruh Work Overload terhadap Nurse Performance dengan Burnout sebagai Variabel Intervening di Rumah Sakit X Surabaya. Business and Finance Journal, 5(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.33086/bfj.v5i2.1788
Parashakti, R. D., Fahlevi, M., Ekhsan, M., & Hadinata, A. (2020). The Influence of Work Environment and Competence on Motivation and Its Impact on Employee Performance in Health Sector. 135(Aicmbs 2019), 259–267. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200410.040
Patel, R. S., Bachu, R., Adikey, A., Malik, M., & Shah, M. (2018). Factors related to physician burnout and its consequences: A review. Behavioral Sciences, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8110098
Privitera, M. R., H. Rosenstein, A., Plessow, F., & M. LoCastro, T. (2014). Physician Burnout and Occupational Stress: An inconvenient truth with unintended consequences. Journal of Hospital Administration, 4(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.5430/jha.v4n1p27
Reith, T. P. (2018). Burnout in United States Healthcare Professionals: A Narrative Review. Cureus, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3681
Rink, L. C., Oyesanya, T. O., Adair, K. C., Humphreys, J. C., Silva, S. G., & Sexton, J. B. (2023). Stressors Among Healthcare Workers: A Summative Content Analysis. Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23333936231161127
Sheikhrabori, A., Peyrovi, H., & Khankeh, H. (2022). The Main Features of Resilience in Healthcare Providers: A Scoping Review. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.36.3
Suwandy, S. E., Jak, Y., & Satar, Y. P. (2023). Analisis Determinan Yang Mempengaruhi Budaya Keselamatan Pasien Di Rumah Sakit Tugu Ibu Depok Tahun 2023. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia (MARSI), 7(3), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.52643/marsi.v7i3.3381
Tandilangi, A. A., & Ticoalu, J. (2022). Hubungan Burnout Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pada Perawat Di RSUD Maria Walanda Maramis. Klabat Journal of Nursing, 20(1), 105–123.
Whitehead, D., Hamidi, Y., Ebrahimi, H., Hazavehei, S. M. M., & Kharghani Moghadam, S. M. (2023). Relationships Between Lifestyle, Quality of Life, Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction Among Nurses Related to Health Promoting Hospital (HPH) Standards. Health Services Insights, 16. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786329231193792
Yana, D. (2015). Stres Kerja pada Perawat Instalasi Gawat Darurat di RSUD Pasar Rebo Tahun 2014 Work Stress Among Nurses In Emergency Room in RSUD Pasar Rebo 2014. Jurnal ARSI, 1(2), 107–115.
Zabin, L. M., Zaitoun, R. S. A., Sweity, E. M., & de Tantillo, L. (2023). The relationship between job stress and patient safety culture among nurses: a systematic review. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01198-9
Zaghini, F., Vellone, E., Maurici, M., Sestili, C., Mannocci, A., Ercoli, E., Magnavita, N., Torre, G. La, Alvaro, R., & Sili, A. (2020). The influence of work context and organizational well-being on psychophysical health of healthcare providers. Medicina Del Lavoro, 111(4), 306–320. https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v111i4.9075