The Role of Satpol PP in Handling Buskers and Beggars in Batam City
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Published
May 11, 2026
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the role of the Batam’s Satpol PP in handling buskers, vagrants and beggars from an administrative law perspective. The study focuses on operational actions, cross-agency coordination patterns, and implementation constraints that affect the sustainability of enforcement outcomes in public spaces. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and reviews of policy and administrative documents, analyzed using thematic analysis, strengthening trustworthiness through source and technique triangulation, audit trails, and adequate context descriptions. The results indicate that enforcement practices in Batam utilize a hybrid enforcement pattern, combining persuasive approaches, administrative actions, and situational enforcement according to the field context. Satpol PP plays a crucial role as a liaison between agencies, but its long-term effectiveness is limited by inconsistent referral channels, varying social service capacity, and a weak post-enforcement follow-up mechanism. The findings emphasize that the success of enforcement is not solely measured by the immediate restoration of order, but rather by the legality of actions, procedural proportionality, quality of coordination, and the sustainability of social impacts. The research contributes to strengthening administrative law studies by showing that effective handling requires integration between norm enforcement, social protection, and the design of more institutionalized cross-agency collaboration.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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How to Cite
Lumbantobing, D. E. B., Maileni, D. A., Bhakti, R. T. A. and Hutasoit, I. (2026) “The Role of Satpol PP in Handling Buskers and Beggars in Batam City”, Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 8(3), pp. 1678-1691. doi: 10.38035/rrj.v8i3.2055.
References
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Herring, C., Yarbrough, D., & Marie Alatorre, L. (2019). Pervasive Penality: How the Criminalization of Poverty Perpetuates Homelessness. Social Problems. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spz004
Hipple, N. K., Allison, K., Campbell, K., & Farrell, M. A. (2025). Police Responses to People Experiencing Homelessness. Police Quarterly, 28(3), 313–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111241289390
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Mandala Putra, B., & Abbas, A. (2019). Evaluation of Poverty Reduction Programs in Batam City. Iapa Proceedings Conference, 596. https://doi.org/10.30589/proceedings.2019.256
Marif, M. (2022). Analisis Peraturan Daerah Kota Makassar tentang Pembinaan Anak Jalanan, Gelandangan, Pengemis, dan Pengamen. Amsir Law Journal, 4(1), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.36746/alj.v4i1.118
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Nowell, B., Steelman, T., Velez, A.-L. K., & Yang, Z. (2018). The Structure of Effective Governance of Disaster Response Networks: Insights From the Field. The American Review of Public Administration, 48(7), 699–715. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074017724225
Putra, H. O. A., Taifur, W. D., Games, D., & Handra, H. (2022). Social capital, diffusion of innovation and political engagement: views of millennials. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 14(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSOC.2022.122098
Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
Yang, J. (2020). How to Promote Ethnic Village Residents’ Behavior Participating in Tourism Poverty Alleviation: A Tourism Empowerment Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02064
Zwick, H., O’Dea, R., Barocas, J. A., Flam-Ross, J. M., Chatterjee, A., Walley, A. Y., Harris, R. A., Schackman, B. R., White, L. F., Chrysanthopoulou, S. A., Assoumou, S. A., Murphy, S. M., Morgan, J. R., Baptiste, D., Carroll, M., & Linas, B. P. (2025). Health and Economic Outcomes of Addressing Encampments of Individuals Using Opioids. JAMA Network Open, 8(6), e2517095. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.17095
Amirtha, I. M., Dompak, T., Salsabila, L., & Husna, L. (2024). Globalization and Its Influence on Social Inequalities and Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 1(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62951/ijss.v1i4.161
Barocas, J. A., Nall, S. K., Axelrath, S., Pladsen, C., Boyer, A., Kral, A. H., Meehan, A. A., Savinkina, A., Peery, D., Bien, M., Agnew-Brune, C., Goldshear, J., Chiang, J., Linas, B. P., Gonsalves, G., Bluthenthal, R. N., Mosites, E., Wortley, P., Todd, J., … Xia, M. (2023). Population-Level Health Effects of Involuntary Displacement of People Experiencing Unsheltered Homelessness Who Inject Drugs in US Cities. JAMA, 329(17), 1478. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.4800
Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (2005). SMEs, growth, and poverty: Cross-country evidence. Journal of Economic Growth, 10(3), 199–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-005-3533-5
Bloch, C., & Bugge, M. M. (2013). Public sector innovation—From theory to measurement. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 27, 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2013.06.008
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 3rd ed. In Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 3rd ed. Sage Publications, Inc. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-design/book270550
Peraturan Wali Kota Batam Nomor 60 Tahun 2024 tentang Penanganan Orang Terlantar, Gelandangan, dan Pengemis Di Kota Batam, (2024). https://jdih.batam.go.id/dokhukum/published/detail/peraturan-wali-kota-batam-nomor-60-tahun-2024-tentang-penanganan-orang-terlantar-gelandangan-dan-pengemis-di-kota-batam
Djidar, H., Darmadi, D., & Burhan, Y. (2024). Eksistensi Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Dalam Penegakat Aturan di Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Journal Publicuho, 7(3), 1612–1626. https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v7i3.524
Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., & Balogh, S. (2012). An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur011
Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five Misunderstandings About Case-Study Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219–245. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800405284363
Goldshear, J. L., Kitonga, N., Angelo, N., Cowan, A., Henwood, B. F., & Bluthenthal, R. N. (2023). “Notice of major cleaning”: A qualitative study of the negative impact of encampment sweeps on the ontological security of unhoused people who use drugs. Social Science & Medicine, 339, 116408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116408
Goswami, T., & Ahmad, A. (2025). A systematic review of school-based disaster risk reduction strategies in India. Evaluation and Program Planning, 112, 102646. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2025.102646
Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How Many Interviews Are Enough? Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
Haliim, W. (2016). Poverty Reduction for Extremely Poor Households of Malang City by the Implementation of Program Keluarga Harapan. Jurnal Bina Praja, 8(2), 331–340. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.08.2016.331-340
Herring, C., Yarbrough, D., & Marie Alatorre, L. (2019). Pervasive Penality: How the Criminalization of Poverty Perpetuates Homelessness. Social Problems. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spz004
Hipple, N. K., Allison, K., Campbell, K., & Farrell, M. A. (2025). Police Responses to People Experiencing Homelessness. Police Quarterly, 28(3), 313–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111241289390
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 16 Tahun 2018 tentang Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja, (2018).
Mahendra, G., & Lodan, K. T. (2024). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Rehabilitation Programs for Beggars in Batam: Challenges and Strategic Interventions. Dialogue : Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 6(2), 774–785. https://doi.org/10.14710/dialogue.v6i2.23822
Mandala Putra, B., & Abbas, A. (2019). Evaluation of Poverty Reduction Programs in Batam City. Iapa Proceedings Conference, 596. https://doi.org/10.30589/proceedings.2019.256
Marif, M. (2022). Analisis Peraturan Daerah Kota Makassar tentang Pembinaan Anak Jalanan, Gelandangan, Pengemis, dan Pengamen. Amsir Law Journal, 4(1), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.36746/alj.v4i1.118
Maryatun, M., Raharjo, S. T., & Taftazani. (2022). Upaya Penanganan Permasalahan Gelandangan dan Pengemis. Sosio Informa, 8(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31595/inf.v8i1.2977
Maryolinda, R. (2021). Strategi Penanganan Gelandang Pengemis (GEPENG) Di Kota Pangkalpinang. Jurnal Studi Inovasi, 1(2), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.52000/jsi.v1i2.24
Nowell, B., Steelman, T., Velez, A.-L. K., & Yang, Z. (2018). The Structure of Effective Governance of Disaster Response Networks: Insights From the Field. The American Review of Public Administration, 48(7), 699–715. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074017724225
Putra, H. O. A., Taifur, W. D., Games, D., & Handra, H. (2022). Social capital, diffusion of innovation and political engagement: views of millennials. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 14(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSOC.2022.122098
Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
Yang, J. (2020). How to Promote Ethnic Village Residents’ Behavior Participating in Tourism Poverty Alleviation: A Tourism Empowerment Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02064
Zwick, H., O’Dea, R., Barocas, J. A., Flam-Ross, J. M., Chatterjee, A., Walley, A. Y., Harris, R. A., Schackman, B. R., White, L. F., Chrysanthopoulou, S. A., Assoumou, S. A., Murphy, S. M., Morgan, J. R., Baptiste, D., Carroll, M., & Linas, B. P. (2025). Health and Economic Outcomes of Addressing Encampments of Individuals Using Opioids. JAMA Network Open, 8(6), e2517095. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.17095